View source for John Tillotson a Post English Reformation Preacher

=John Tillotson a Post English Reformation Preacher=
by [[User:Cmtillotson]]<br>

{{Infobox
|title = John Tillotson a Post English Reformation Preacher
|bodystyle  = width:25em
|image = [[File:084A0035 Copy - Copy.jpg|center]]
|caption = John Tillotson 
|label5 = '''Position'''
|data5 = Former Archbishop of Canterbury 
|label6 = '''Birth and Death Years'''
|data6 = 1630-1694
}}

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=Abstract=
The paragraph should give a three to five sentence abstract about your entire London HUA experience including 1) a summary of the aims of your project, 2) your prior experience with humanities and arts courses and disciplines, and 3) your major takeaways from the experience. This can and should be very similar to the paragraph you use to summarize this milestone on your [[Template Profile|Profile Page]]. It should contain your main '''Objective''', so be sure to clearly state a one-sentence statement that summarizes your main objective for this milestone such as "a comparison of the text of Medieval English choral music to that of the Baroque" or it may be a question such as "to what extent did religion influence Christopher Wren's sense of design?"
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=Introduction=
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I suggest you save this section for last. Describe the essence of this project. Cover what the project is and who cares in the first two sentences. Then cover what others have done like it, how your project is different. Discuss the extent to which your strategy for completing this project was new to you, or an extension of previous HUA experiences. 
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As you continue to think about your project milestones, reread the "Goals" narrative on defining project milestones from the [[HU2900]] syllabus. Remember: the idea is to have equip your milestone with a really solid background and then some sort of "thing that you do". You'll need to add in some narrative to describe why you did the "thing that you did", which you'd probably want to do anyway. You can make it easy for your advisors to give you a high grade by ensuring that your project milestone work reflects careful, considerate, and comprehensive thought and effort in terms of your background review, and insightful, cumulative, and methodical approaches toward the creative components of your project milestone deliverables.
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<span style="color: red">'''PLEASE NOTE:'''</span> this milestone template has only a few sections as examples, but your actual milestone should have '''many''' relevant sections '''and''' subsections. Please start to block out and complete those sections asking yourself "who, what, when, where, and why".
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Remember, as you move toward your creative deliverable, you're going to want/need a solid background that supports your case, so you want it to paint a clear and thorough picture of what's going on, so that you can easily dissect your creative component and say "This thing I did is rooted in this aspect of my background research". 
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=Section 1: Background=
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==The English Reformation==
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===Overview===
The English Reformation refers to the time period and course of events that caused England to break away from the "Catholic Church" and form the Anglican "Church of England". This change was driven and contested starting with [[Henry VIII]], and continued to be driven by later English monarchs. This was also coupled with a desire of the English people for reform because of the corrupt state of the Catholic Church at the time.<ref>Servini, P. (2002). The English reformation. London: Hodder & Stoughton. P.P. 1</ref> This time period and the aftermath can be characterized by both high Catholic-Protestant tension and violence. The following is a brief history of the English Reformation to provide context for John Tillotson's life as a preacher in post reformation England.   
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===Origins with Henry VIII of England (English Reformation)===
When Martin Luther dispatched his 95 thesis in Germany during 1517 Henry VIII, the English Monarch at the time, refuted the anti-catholic doctrine.<ref>Hillerbrand, H. J. (2017, January 24). Martin Luther. Retrieved June 02, 2017, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Luther</ref> In the year 1521 Henry VIII published a work, in conjunction with [[Thomas More]], titled "Assertio Septem Sacramentorum" (Defense of the Seven Sacraments) refuting Luther's teaching.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 92 </ref> In this work Henry VIII defended transubstantiation, the real presence of Christ in the sacrament of the Eucharist, as well as masses for the dead. The secondary motive for creating this work was also to promote himself in England as well as abroad.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 93 </ref> Henry VIII would later be awarded the title "Defender of the Faith" by [[Pope Leo X]].<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 93 </ref> At this point it would seem impossible that Henry VIII would later become the most influential person in leading England into the reformation, but that is exactly what would transpire. 
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At this time religious unrest had already begun to take hold in England as many believed the Catholic Church to have corrupt flaws.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 93 </ref><ref> Servini, P. (2002). The English reformation. London: Hodder & Stoughton. P.P. 1</ref> Later Henry VIII's wife, [[Catherine of Aragon]], was unable to produce a male heir to the throne, and this began to trouble the king greatly.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 102</ref> The king came to believe that God was purposely not giving him a son in accordance with the Bible <ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 103</ref> in the book of Leviticus 20:21 it says "If a man marries his brother's wife it is an act of impurity; he has dishonored his brother. They will be childless." Catherine had previously been married to Henry VIII's brother and for this reason Henry believed he was childless, and that he needed to seek a papal annulment from [[Pope Clement VII]].<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 104</ref> However due to the Sacking of Rome Clement was unable to comply with Henry's request.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 106</ref> At this time Henry had also developed an interest in having [[Anne Boleyn]] replace Catherine as his queen.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 105</ref> This desire for an heir eventually led Henry to take matters into his own hands by convincing Parliament to create the [[Church of England]] during the years from 1534-1539, officially separating England from the Catholic Church.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 141</ref> Henry VIII a man once praised by the Pope for his devotion had now severed England's ties to the papacy.      
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===Edward VI of England (Protestant Reformation)===
Despite all the trouble Henry VIII went through Anne Boleyn would also not be the one to produce Henry's heir.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 173</ref> His third wife [[Jane Seymour]] would produce his heir [[Edward VI]].<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 243</ref> Henry VIII would die in January 1547 leaving his young son Edward to take up his throne at the age on 9.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 255</ref> Unlike his father's rule which had started the reformation as a result of political circumstance Edward would continue the English Reformation in a Protestant manner ridding the church of many Catholic practices. In 1552 the word mass was removed and communion wafers were no longer distributed in religious services.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 283</ref>  This distinctive change to a Protestant Church of England caused a great deal of civil unrest due to rebellions during Edward's short reign.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 283</ref> On July 6th, 1553 when Edward after being ill for some time died at the age of 15.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 287</ref> Before his death Edward attempted to stop the throne from passing to his Catholic half sister Mary by bestowing it upon another relative Jane Grey.   
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===Mary I of England or "Bloody Mary" (Catholic Restoration)===
Edward VI's plan failed and power was transferred to [[Mary I of England]] on July 18th, 1553.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 287</ref> Mary being a devout Catholic brought it upon herself to undo what her father Henry VIII and her half brother Edward VI had done to transform Christianity in England. Mary either reinstated and appointed bishops back into the Church of England, and appointed [[Cardinal Reginald Pole]] as Archbishop of Canterbury who had bee previously exiled.<ref>Servini, P. (2002). The English reformation. London: Hodder & Stoughton. P.P. 47</ref> She was conflicted about her role as head of the Church of England because she believed leading the church was a duty that belonged to the Pope in Rome.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 288</ref> For this reason Mary made it a priority to reinstate papal authority in the Church of England. This took place in 1554 when Cardinal Pole reversed the excommunication of England and all anti-papal legislation was repealed.<ref>Servini, P. (2002). The English reformation. London: Hodder & Stoughton. P.P. 47</ref> Mary gained her name "Bloody Mary" as a result of the sheer number of devout protestants she put to death during her reign. Mary's long term success was dependent on a Catholic heir who would continue her polices after her death. For this reason Mary I married Philip of Spain.<ref>Servini, P. (2002). The English reformation. London: Hodder & Stoughton. P.P. 47</ref> However, she would die in 1558 childless leaving no Catholic heir to continue her work.  
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===Elizabeth I of England (Elizabethan Settlement)===
After Mary's death her sister Elizabeth I took control of the throne. It was evident from the beginning that Elizabeth would undo all that Mary had done, and make a strong effort to restore England to its Protestant ways. One of the main driving reasons Elizabeth chose to do this was that she, being the daughter of Anne Boelyn was viewed as illegitimate by the Catholic Church.<ref>Servini, P. (2002). The English reformation. London: Hodder & Stoughton. P.P. 64</ref> Elizabeth would rule until her death in 1603 with her hallmark legislation being the Elizabethan Settlement.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 390</ref> This settlement was comprised of two separate acts passed by Parliament. The first act was "The Act of Supremacy" which once again separated the Church of England from Rome and the Pope. The second act was the "Act of Uniformity" which created the basic framework for the modern protestant Church of England which exists today.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 390</ref> The Church of England would continue to evolve over the years, and 27 years later [[John Tillotson]] would be born.     
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==Life of John Tillotson==
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===Early Life and Education===
[[John Tillotson]] was born in Sowerby, Yorkshire  during 1630. <ref>Cannon, J.(2009). Tillotson, John. In A Dictionary of British History. : Oxford University Press. Retrieved 31 May. 2017, from http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199550371.001.0001/acref-9780199550371-e-3412.</ref><ref>1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tillotson, John. (n.d.). Retrieved May 31, 2017, from https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Tillotson,_John</ref> However very little is known about his early childhood other than the fact that his father was a Puritan clothier. The next  commonly acknowledged event in Tillotson's life is his studies at Clare Hall, Cambridge where he would become a fellow and graduate in 1651.<ref>(2015). Tillotson, John. In The Oxford Companion to British History. : Oxford University Press. Retrieved 31 May. 2017, from http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001/acref-9780199677832-e-4201.</ref>
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===Early Religious Career===
Tillotson was ordained into the Church of England in 1661.<ref>(2015). Tillotson, John. In The Oxford Companion to British History. : Oxford University Press. Retrieved 31 May. 2017, from http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001/acref-9780199677832-e-4201.</ref> He would begin his preaching career at Lincon's Inn in London.<ref> Bellenger, D. A., & Fletcher, S. (2013). The Mitre and the Crown A History of the Archbisops of Canterbury. Stroud: The History Press. P.P. 127</ref>  Later in 1664 he became a preacher at St. Lawrence Jewry where he would gain notice for his talents giving sermons.<ref>(2015). Tillotson, John. In The Oxford Companion to British History. : Oxford University Press. Retrieved 31 May. 2017, from http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001/acref-9780199677832-e-4201.</ref> Tillotson would also marry Elizabeth French  the niece of Oliver Cromwell a man who had been the monarch in England from 1653-1658.<ref>Bellenger, D. A., & Fletcher, S. (2013). The Mitre and the Crown A History of the Archbisops of Canterbury. Stroud: The History Press. P.P. 125</ref>
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===Dean of Canterbury===
Tillotson became the Dean of Canterbury in 1672.<ref>Bellenger, D. A., & Fletcher, S. (2013). The Mitre and the Crown A History of the Archbisops of Canterbury. Stroud: The History Press. P.P. 127</ref>
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===Dean of St. Paul's===
Tillotson became the Dean of [[St. Paul's Cathedral]] in 1689.<ref>Bellenger, D. A., & Fletcher, S. (2013). The Mitre and the Crown A History of the Archbisops of Canterbury. Stroud: The History Press. P.P. 127</ref>
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===Archbishop of Canterbury===
Tillotson became the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1691 after the suspension and deprivation of his predecessor William Sancroft.<ref>Bellenger, D. A., & Fletcher, S. (2013). The Mitre and the Crown A History of the Archbisops of Canterbury. Stroud: The History Press. P.P. 127</ref> He would serve in this position until his death. 
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===Death and Legacy===
John Tillotson died in 1694 and is now buried in St. Lawrence Jewry in London. At his funeral it was remarked by English monarch [[William III]] that Tillotson "had the brightest thoughts and the most correct style of all our divines, and was esteemed the best preacher of his age."<ref>Bellenger, D. A., & Fletcher, S. (2013). The Mitre and the Crown A History of the Archbisops of Canterbury. Stroud: The History Press. P.P. 127</ref> 
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=Section 2: Deliverable=
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In this section, provide your contribution, creative element, assessment, or observation with regard to your background research. This could be a new derivative work based on previous research, or some parallel to other events. In this section, describe the relationship between your background review and your deliverable; make the connection between the two clear. 
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==Subsection 1==
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...use as many subsections or main sections as you need to support the claims for why what you did related to your ''Background'' section...
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==Subsection 2==
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...and so on and so forth...
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=Conclusion=
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=References=
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=Attribution of Work=
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=External Links=
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=Category tags=

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[[Category:2017]]
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