Cathedral Architecture - Revision history

Nbjohnson: /* Vaulting */

2017-06-22T14:24:48Z

‎Vaulting

Nbjohnson: /* Arch Design */

2017-06-22T14:18:29Z

‎Arch Design

Nbjohnson: /* Section 2: Deliverable */

2017-06-22T12:12:26Z

‎Section 2: Deliverable

Nbjohnson: /* Perpendicular Gothic */

2017-06-22T12:11:54Z

‎Perpendicular Gothic

Nbjohnson: /* Winchester Cathedral */

2017-06-22T12:08:41Z

‎Winchester Cathedral

Nbjohnson: /* Westminster Abbey */

2017-06-22T12:06:05Z

‎Westminster Abbey

Nbjohnson: /* Vaulting */

2017-06-22T12:05:31Z

‎Vaulting

Nbjohnson: /* Window Design */

2017-06-22T12:00:42Z

‎Window Design

Nbjohnson: /* Arch Design */

2017-06-22T11:55:06Z

‎Arch Design

Nbjohnson: /* Window Design */

2017-06-22T11:47:23Z

‎Window Design

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 Image: Henry-VII-chapel-vault.jpg|Perpendicular Gothic<ref>Westminster Abbey Picture Gallery. (n.d.). Retrieved June 20, 2017, from [http://www.westminster-abbey.org/visit-us/picture-gallery]</ref>
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-During the Decorated Gothic style period, ribbed vaults were the style of vaulting that was used. The Vaulting seen above is from the west section of the Nave that was built in 1272. In contrast to that, the Perpendicular style used Fan vaulting. This fan vaulting located in the Henry VII chapel was significantly more complex in its radiating pattern as can be seen in the images above. This section of the Abbey was designed by Robert Janyns and William Vertue, and built between 1503 and 1519.<ref>Westminster Abbey Architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved June 22, 2017, from [http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/architecture]</ref>
+During the Decorated Gothic style period, ribbed vaults were the style of Vaulting that was used. The Vaulting seen above is from the west section of the Nave that was built in 1272. In contrast to that, the Perpendicular style used Fan Vaulting. This Fan Vaulting located in the Henry VII chapel was significantly more complex in its radiating pattern as can be seen in the images above. This section of the Abbey was designed by Robert Janyns and William Vertue, and built between 1503 and 1519.<ref>Westminster Abbey Architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved June 22, 2017, from [http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/architecture]</ref>
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 Image: fourCenteredArch.JPG|Perpendicular Gothic
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-As can be seen above, the Decorated Gothic Nave of Westminster Abbey utilizes the pointed arch for its windows. This section's building in of the Abbey in 1220 was overseen by Henry of Reyns, John of Gloucester and Robert of Beverley, but work had to stop because of a lack of funds. In 1272, Abbot Nicholas Litlyngton continued the structure using the original designs when more money became available. In contrast to this, the Perpendicular Henry VII chapel utilizes the four-centered arch in its design. The four-centered arch is a slightly flatter arch and a design sketch of the differences can be found in the Perpendicular background section. This section of the Abbey was built between 1503 and 1519, designed by Robert Janyns and William Vertue.<ref>Westminster Abbey Architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved June 22, 2017, from [http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/architecture]</ref>
+As can be seen above, the Decorated Gothic Nave of Westminster Abbey utilizes the pointed arch for its windows. This section of the Abbey, built in 1220, was overseen by Henry of Reyns, John of Gloucester and Robert of Beverley, but work had to stop because of a lack of funds. In 1272, Abbot Nicholas Litlyngton continued the structure using the original designs when more money became available. In contrast to this, the Perpendicular Henry VII chapel utilizes the four-centered arch in its design. The four-centered arch is a slightly flatter arch and a design sketch of the differences can be found in the Perpendicular background section. This latter section of the Abbey was built between 1503 and 1519, designed by Robert Janyns and William Vertue.<ref>Westminster Abbey Architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved June 22, 2017, from [http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/architecture]</ref>
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 =Section 2: Deliverable=
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-For my Deliverable I utilized my background information about the Norman, Decorated Gothic, and Perpendicular Gothicstyles to compare the different styles found within the same church/cathedral. As the architectural eras overlap and buildings are added onto or partially rebuilt, multiple styles are found within the same structure. Below I utilize photos taken of the buildings to illustrate those differences of styles. I traveled to the churches/cathedrals and took most of the photos myself, but some locations do not allow photos inside due to them being a working church so they are the official photos from the church/cathedral.
+For my Deliverable I utilized my background information about the Norman, Decorated Gothic, and Perpendicular Gothic styles to compare the different styles found within the same church/cathedral. As the architectural eras overlap and buildings are added onto or partially rebuilt, multiple styles are found within the same structure. Below I utilize photos taken of the buildings to illustrate those differences of styles. I traveled to the churches/cathedrals and took most of the photos myself, but some locations do not allow photos inside due to them being a working church so they are the official photos from the church/cathedral.
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 Perpendicular Gothic, also known as the Rectilinear Period, followed directly after the Decorated Gothic period. It began in 1360 and lasted until 1550.<ref>Sharpe, E (1871). "The Seven Periods of English Architecture Defined and Illustrated".  E. and F. N. Spon, pp. 39.</ref>  It was thought that the simplification introduced, compared to the Decorated Gothic style, was due to the Black Plague and its effects on the labor force in England. This idea was proven incorrect with Gloucester Abbey's south window and Old St. Paul's cloister remains. One idea as to why decorations were scaled back was that it was for cutting costs, but that is just a possible reason and the real reason may never be known.<ref>Harvet, J (1978). "The Perpendicular Style". B.T. Batsford LTD., pp. 17.</ref> <br><br>
-This style, Perpendicular, belonged to the Gothic style and utilized pointed arches extensively.  Perpendicular built upon the Decorated Gothic style in some aspects, and scaled back in others.  A key area of scaling back occurred with the reduced tracery of the windows, while Perpendicular kept the large windows. One of the main differences that was introduced was an emphasis on vertical lines, especially the [[mullions]] of the windows, which were thinner than previously used ones.<ref>Harvet, J (1978). "The Perpendicular Style". B.T. Batsford LTD., pp. 27-28.</ref> Commonly crossing the mullions in Perpendicular are transoms, a horizontal crossbar in a window.<ref>Gardner, S (1925). "A Guide to English Gothic Architecture". Cambridge University Press, pp. 6,33.</ref> A change to the arch also came with this new style. The pointed arch gave way to a slightly flatter arch called the four-centered arch. This new arch was utilized alongside the existing pointed arch in the Perpendicular style. [[Vaulting]] was also expanded with this period and became more complex than previous styles; during this period it was know as [[Vaulting | fan vaulting]]. Overall this style was not a revolution but an evolution, building upon the previous Gothic styles.
+This style, Perpendicular, belonged to the Gothic style and utilized pointed arches extensively.  Perpendicular built upon the Decorated Gothic style in some aspects, and scaled back in others.  A key area of scaling back occurred with the reduced tracery of the windows, while Perpendicular kept the large windows. One of the main differences that was introduced was an emphasis on vertical lines, especially the [[mullions]] of the windows, which were thinner than previously used ones.<ref>Harvet, J (1978). "The Perpendicular Style". B.T. Batsford LTD., pp. 27-28.</ref> Commonly crossing the mullions in Perpendicular are transoms, a horizontal crossbar in a window.<ref>Gardner, S (1925). "A Guide to English Gothic Architecture". Cambridge University Press, pp. 6,33.</ref> A change to the arch also came with this new style. The pointed arch gave way to a slightly flatter arch called the four-centered arch. This new arch was utilized alongside the existing pointed arch in the Perpendicular style. [[Vaulting]] was also expanded with this period and became more complex than previous styles; during this period it was known as [[Vaulting | fan vaulting]]. Overall this style was not a revolution but an evolution, building upon the previous Gothic styles.
 ===Notable Perpendicular Gothic Style Cathedrals/Chapels and their History<ref>Sharpe, E (1871). "The Seven Periods of English Architecture Defined and Illustrated". E. and F. N. Spon, pp. 36-37.</ref>===

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 Image: perArch.JPG | Perpendicular Gothic
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-As can be seen above, in the Norman section of Winchester Cathedral, the arches consist of the semi-circular design, which is a characteristic of this style. This is in contrast to the distinctly pointed arches that are found in the Decorated Gothic and Perpendicular Gothic sections of the Cathedral. The Decorated Arches were found in the presbytery which had a remodel commissioned by Bishop Henry Woodcock in the 1300s. The Perpendicular Arches, found in the Nave, were designed by William Wynford and were completed under the guidance of several Bishops in the 14th and 15th Centuries.
+As can be seen above, in the Norman section of Winchester Cathedral, the arches consist of the semi-circular design, which is a characteristic of this style. This is in contrast to the distinctly pointed arches that are found in the Decorated Gothic and Perpendicular Gothic sections of the Cathedral. The Decorated Arches were found in the presbytery which had a remodel commissioned by Bishop Henry Woodcock in the 1300s. The Perpendicular Arches, found in the Nave, were designed by William Wynford and were completed under the guidance of several Bishops in the 14th and 15th Centuries.<ref>Winchester Cathedral - Building the Cathedral. (n.d.). Retrieved June 22, 2017, from [http://www.winchester-cathedral.org.uk/our-heritage/our-history/building-the-cathedral/]</ref>
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 Image: decoratedRoof.JPG | Decorated Gothic
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-In the North Transept of the Cathedral, the Norman style vaulting was a flat wood surface as can be seen above. This was a part of the original cathedral commissioned by Bishop Walkelin in 1079. In the presbytery, built in the Decorated Gothic style, the breathtaking Lierne Vaulting can be found. The liernes connecting the larger ribs and eloquently carved bosses at the intersection of the ribs are distinct and unique to this style. Bishop Henry Woodcock commissioned this presbytery to be built in the 1300s.
+In the North Transept of the Cathedral, the Norman style vaulting was a flat wood surface as can be seen above. This was a part of the original cathedral commissioned by Bishop Walkelin in 1079. In the presbytery, built in the Decorated Gothic style, the breathtaking Lierne Vaulting can be found. The liernes connecting the larger ribs and eloquently carved bosses at the intersection of the ribs are distinct and unique to this style. Bishop Henry Woodcock commissioned this presbytery to be built in the 1300s.<ref>Winchester Cathedral - Building the Cathedral. (n.d.). Retrieved June 22, 2017, from [http://www.winchester-cathedral.org.uk/our-heritage/our-history/building-the-cathedral/]</ref>
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 Image: perWindow.JPG | Perpendicular Gothic
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-As can be seen above, there is quite a stark contrast between the window design of the Norman and Perpendicular Gothic styles. The Norman window, found in the North Transept, is quite small compared to the massive Perpendicular window. At the top of the Norman window the semi-circular arch that is found throughout the style, that was used in 1079 when it was built, is visible, this is in contrast to the pointed arch, located in the Nave, that is found at the top of the Perpendicular window. Also noticeable is the mullions that run top to bottom of the very tall Perpendicular window, crossed by the transoms.
+As can be seen above, there is quite a stark contrast between the window design of the Norman and Perpendicular Gothic styles. The Norman window, found in the North Transept, is quite small compared to the massive Perpendicular window. At the top of the Norman window the semi-circular arch that is found throughout the style, that was used in 1079 when it was built, is visible, this is in contrast to the pointed arch, located in the Nave, that is found at the top of the Perpendicular window. Also noticeable is the mullions that run top to bottom of the very tall Perpendicular window, crossed by the transoms.<ref>Winchester Cathedral - Building the Cathedral. (n.d.). Retrieved June 22, 2017, from [http://www.winchester-cathedral.org.uk/our-heritage/our-history/building-the-cathedral/]</ref>
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 Image: gothicWindow6.JPG| Perpendicular Gothic
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-In the Decorated style, circles were used extensively. The large one seen above was located in the North transept of Westminster Abbey, part of the Decorated style section. The Perpendicular style window, located in the Henry VII chapel, uses large vertical windows with thin mullions and transoms.
+In the Decorated style, circles were used extensively. The large circular window seen above was located in the North transept of Westminster Abbey, part of the Decorated style section. This section was completed in 1269 after having been overseen by master masons Henry of Reyns, John of Gloucester and Robert of Beverley. The Perpendicular style window, located in the Henry VII chapel, uses large vertical windows with thin mullions and transoms. This section of the Abbey was designed by Robert Janyns and William Vertue, and built between 1503 and 1519 to replace the 13th century chapel.
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