John Tillotson a Post English Reformation Preacher - Revision history

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 ===Edward VI of England (Protestant Reformation)===
-Despite all the trouble Henry VIII went through Anne Boleyn would also not be the one to produce Henry's heir.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 173</ref> His third wife [[Jane Seymour]] would produce his heir [[Edward VI]].<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 243</ref> Henry VIII would die in January 1547 leaving his young son Edward to take up his throne at the age on 9.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 255</ref> Unlike his father's rule which had started the reformation as a result of political circumstance Edward would continue the English Reformation in a Protestant manner ridding the church of many Catholic practices. In 1552 the word mass was removed and communion wafers were no longer distributed in religious services.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 283</ref>  This distinctive change to a Protestant Church of England caused a great deal of civil unrest due to rebellions during Edward's short reign.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 283</ref> On July 6th, 1553 when Edward after being ill for some time died at the age of 15.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 287</ref> Before his death Edward attempted to stop the throne from passing to his Catholic half sister Mary by bestowing it upon another relative Jane Grey.
+Despite all the trouble Henry VIII went through Anne Boleyn would also not be the one to produce Henry's heir.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 173</ref> His third wife Jane Seymour would produce his heir Edward VI.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 243</ref> Henry VIII would die in January 1547 leaving his young son Edward to take up his throne at the age on 9.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 255</ref> Unlike his father's rule which had started the reformation as a result of political circumstance Edward would continue the English Reformation in a Protestant manner ridding the church of many Catholic practices. In 1552 the word mass was removed and communion wafers were no longer distributed in religious services.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 283</ref>  This distinctive change to a Protestant Church of England caused a great deal of civil unrest due to rebellions during Edward's short reign.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 283</ref> On July 6th, 1553 when Edward after being ill for some time died at the age of 15.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 287</ref> Before his death Edward attempted to stop the throne from passing to his Catholic half sister Mary by bestowing it upon another relative Jane Grey.
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 <mediaplayer>File:John Tillotson Post Reformation Preacher.mp4</mediaplayer>
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 ===Video Transcript===

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 ===Early Religious Career===
-Tillotson was ordained into the Church of England in 1661.<ref>(2015). Tillotson, John. In The Oxford Companion to British History. : Oxford University Press. Retrieved 31 May. 2017, from http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001/acref-9780199677832-e-4201.</ref> He would begin his preaching career at Lincon's Inn in London.<ref> Bellenger, D. A., & Fletcher, S. (2013). The Mitre and the Crown A History of the Archbisops of Canterbury. Stroud: The History Press. P.P. 127</ref>  Later in 1664 he became a preacher at St. Lawrence Jewry where he would gain notice for his talents giving sermons.<ref>(2015). Tillotson, John. In The Oxford Companion to British History. : Oxford University Press. Retrieved 31 May. 2017, from http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001/acref-9780199677832-e-4201.</ref> In 1661 Tillotson would attend the Savory Conference which was aimed at reconciling the different religious groups in England at the time.<ref>Tillotson, J., Birch, T., & Barker, R. (1752). The Works of the Most Reverend Dr. John Tillotson, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.. (Vol. 1). Printed for J. and R. Tonson. P.P. v</ref> This occurred shortly before the act of uniformity united the Church of England in 1662.<ref>Tillotson, J., Birch, T., & Barker, R. (1752). The Works of the Most Reverend Dr. John Tillotson, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.. (Vol. 1). Printed for J. and R. Tonson. P.P. v</ref> Tillotson agreed to the act of uniformity, but it is important to note that many of his mentors would refuse.<ref>Tillotson, J., Birch, T., & Barker, R. (1752). The Works of the Most Reverend Dr. John Tillotson, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.. (Vol. 1). Printed for J. and R. Tonson. P.P. v</ref> Tillotson would also be married in St. Lawrence Jewry during the year 1664 to Elizabeth French the niece of Oliver Cromwell a man who had been the monarch in England from 1653-1658.<ref>Bellenger, D. A., & Fletcher, S. (2013). The Mitre and the Crown A History of the Archbisops of Canterbury. Stroud: The History Press. P.P. 125</ref> In the 1660's Tillotson had developed a great zeal against the Catholic Church in Rome and published a work titled "Rule of Faith" in response to recent works from Rome.<ref>Tillotson, J., Birch, T., & Barker, R. (1752). The Works of the Most Reverend Dr. John Tillotson, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.. (Vol. 1). Printed for J. and R. Tonson. P.P. x</ref>
+Tillotson was ordained into the Church of England in 1661.<ref>(2015). Tillotson, John. In The Oxford Companion to British History. : Oxford University Press. Retrieved 31 May. 2017, from http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001/acref-9780199677832-e-4201.</ref> He would begin his preaching career at Lincon's Inn in London.<ref> Bellenger, D. A., & Fletcher, S. (2013). The Mitre and the Crown A History of the Archbishops of Canterbury. Stroud: The History Press. P.P. 127</ref>  Later in 1664 he became a preacher at St. Lawrence Jewry where he would gain notice for his talents giving sermons.<ref>(2015). Tillotson, John. In The Oxford Companion to British History. : Oxford University Press. Retrieved 31 May. 2017, from http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001/acref-9780199677832-e-4201.</ref> In 1661 Tillotson would attend the Savory Conference which was aimed at reconciling the different religious groups in England at the time.<ref>Tillotson, J., Birch, T., & Barker, R. (1752). The Works of the Most Reverend Dr. John Tillotson, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.. (Vol. 1). Printed for J. and R. Tonson. P.P. v</ref> This occurred shortly before the act of uniformity united the Church of England in 1662.<ref>Tillotson, J., Birch, T., & Barker, R. (1752). The Works of the Most Reverend Dr. John Tillotson, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.. (Vol. 1). Printed for J. and R. Tonson. P.P. v</ref> Tillotson agreed to the act of uniformity, but it is important to note that many of his mentors would refuse.<ref>Tillotson, J., Birch, T., & Barker, R. (1752). The Works of the Most Reverend Dr. John Tillotson, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.. (Vol. 1). Printed for J. and R. Tonson. P.P. v</ref> Tillotson would also be married in St. Lawrence Jewry during the year 1664 to Elizabeth French the niece of Oliver Cromwell a man who had been the monarch in England from 1653-1658.<ref>Bellenger, D. A., & Fletcher, S. (2013). The Mitre and the Crown A History of the Archbisops of Canterbury. Stroud: The History Press. P.P. 125</ref> In the 1660's Tillotson had developed a great zeal against the Catholic Church in Rome and published a work titled "Rule of Faith" in response to recent works from Rome.<ref>Tillotson, J., Birch, T., & Barker, R. (1752). The Works of the Most Reverend Dr. John Tillotson, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.. (Vol. 1). Printed for J. and R. Tonson. P.P. x</ref>
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 ===Dean of St. Paul's===
-Appointed by William and Mary, Tillotson became the Dean of [[St. Paul's Cathedral]] in 1689.<ref>Bellenger, D. A., & Fletcher, S. (2013). The Mitre and the Crown A History of the Archbisops of Canterbury. Stroud: The History Press. P.P. 127</ref> It is important to know however that St. Paul's Cathedral had been destroyed in the "Great Fire of 1666" and the new St. Paul's would not be completed until 1697  three years after Tillotson's death. William Sancroft, Tillotson's predecessor, as Dean of St. Paul's was mainly responsible for beginning the process of the new cathedral's construction as he was Dean during the "Great Fire". However it is unclear as to what extent John Tillotson played a role in the rebuilding process in his two year stint as Dean.
+Appointed by William and Mary, Tillotson became the Dean of [[St. Paul's Cathedral]] in 1689.<ref>Bellenger, D. A., & Fletcher, S. (2013). The Mitre and the Crown A History of the Archbishops of Canterbury. Stroud: The History Press. P.P. 127</ref> It is important to know however that St. Paul's Cathedral had been destroyed in the "Great Fire of 1666" and the new St. Paul's would not be completed until 1697  three years after Tillotson's death. William Sancroft, Tillotson's predecessor, as Dean of St. Paul's was mainly responsible for beginning the process of the new cathedral's construction as he was Dean during the "Great Fire". However it is unclear as to what extent John Tillotson played a role in the rebuilding process in his two year stint as Dean.
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 ===Archbishop of Canterbury===
-Tillotson became the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1691 appointed by William and Mary after the suspension and deprivation of his predecessor William Sancroft.<ref>Bellenger, D. A., & Fletcher, S. (2013). The Mitre and the Crown A History of the Archbisops of Canterbury. Stroud: The History Press. P.P. 127</ref> The reason Sandcroft was deprived as his role was that he refused to acknowledge William and Mary as Monarchs after the "Glorious Revolution" in 1688. Jonh Tillotson would serve in this position leading the Church of England until his death.
+Tillotson became the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1691 appointed by William and Mary after the suspension and deprivation of his predecessor William Sancroft.<ref>Bellenger, D. A., & Fletcher, S. (2013). The Mitre and the Crown A History of the Archbishops of Canterbury. Stroud: The History Press. P.P. 127</ref> The reason Sandcroft was deprived as his role was that he refused to acknowledge William and Mary as Monarchs after the "Glorious Revolution" in 1688. Jonh Tillotson would serve in this position leading the Church of England until his death.
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 ===Death and Legacy===
-John Tillotson died on November 22nd, 1694 when he suddenly became ill and was aware but having trouble speaking.<ref>Tillotson, J., Birch, T., & Barker, R. (1752). The Works of the Most Reverend Dr. John Tillotson, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.. (Vol. 1). Printed for J. and R. Tonson. P.P. xcv</ref>  His funeral was held at St. Lawrence Jewry is now buried in the Church in London. At his funeral it was remarked by English monarch William III that Tillotson "had the brightest thoughts and the most correct style of all our divines, and was esteemed the best preacher of his age."<ref>Bellenger, D. A., & Fletcher, S. (2013). The Mitre and the Crown A History of the Archbisops of Canterbury. Stroud: The History Press. P.P. 127</ref> After his death Tillotson's work, mostly sermons, were compiled into three volumes by Ralph Baker.<ref>Tillotson, J., Birch, T., & Barker, R. (1752). The Works of the Most Reverend Dr. John Tillotson, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.. (Vol. 1). Printed for J. and R. Tonson.</ref> Tillotson's wife sold the sermons for enough wealth to live out her life no longer having John to provide for her.
+John Tillotson died on November 22nd, 1694 when he suddenly became ill and was aware but having trouble speaking.<ref>Tillotson, J., Birch, T., & Barker, R. (1752). The Works of the Most Reverend Dr. John Tillotson, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.. (Vol. 1). Printed for J. and R. Tonson. P.P. xcv</ref>  His funeral was held at St. Lawrence Jewry is now buried in the Church in London. At his funeral it was remarked by English monarch William III that Tillotson "had the brightest thoughts and the most correct style of all our divines, and was esteemed the best preacher of his age."<ref>Bellenger, D. A., & Fletcher, S. (2013). The Mitre and the Crown A History of the Archbishops of Canterbury. Stroud: The History Press. P.P. 127</ref> After his death Tillotson's work, mostly sermons, were compiled into three volumes by Ralph Baker.<ref>Tillotson, J., Birch, T., & Barker, R. (1752). The Works of the Most Reverend Dr. John Tillotson, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.. (Vol. 1). Printed for J. and R. Tonson.</ref> Tillotson's wife sold the sermons for enough wealth to live out her life no longer having John to provide for her.
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-John TIllotson's memorial in St. Lawrance Jewry reads "To the Memory of the most reverend and holy priest John Tillotson, Archbishop of Canterbury, the most celebrated of the group rousing speakers who were in the church for 30 years, who died on 22nd November 1694 at the age of 63. This [monument] was placed [here] by Elizabeth his most sorrowful wife." Below is a picture I took in St. Lawrence Jewry of the memorial.
+John TIllotson's memorial in St. Lawrence Jewry reads "To the Memory of the most reverend and holy priest John Tillotson, Archbishop of Canterbury, the most celebrated of the group rousing speakers who were in the church for 30 years, who died on 22nd November 1694 at the age of 63. This [monument] was placed [here] by Elizabeth his most sorrowful wife." Below is a picture I took in St. Lawrence Jewry of the memorial.
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 A0035 Copy.jpg|Memorial for John Tillotson at St. Lawrence Jewry London
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 During his time as Dean John Tillotson would continue to publish works refuting Catholic doctrine including “A Discourse Against Transubstantiation” which will be later analyzed in this video. Tillotson would also gain the favor of the new English monarchs William III and Mary II.
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-This newfound favor would allow Tillotson to advance his religious career even further. In 1689 John Tillotson would become the dean of St. Paul’s in London. The original St. Paul’s had been destroyed in the Great fire of 1666 and the new cathedral would not be finished until after Tillotson’s death. Two years later in1691 Tillotson would continue his rise to the highest position in the clergy of the Church of England, Archbishop of Canterbury. He would remain in this position for just three years until he died unexpectedly in 1694. His funeral was held in London at St. Lawrence Jewry where it was remarked by William III that Tillotson "had the brightest thoughts and the most correct style of all our divines, and was esteemed the best preacher of his age." He is now buried in St. Lawrence Jewry.
+This newfound favor would allow Tillotson to advance his religious career even further. In 1689 John Tillotson would become the dean of St. Paul’s in London. The original St. Paul’s had been destroyed in the Great fire of 1666 and the new cathedral would not be finished until after Tillotson’s death. Two years later in 1691 Tillotson would continue his rise to the highest position in the clergy of the Church of England, Archbishop of Canterbury. He would remain in this position for just three years until he died unexpectedly in 1694. His funeral was held in London at St. Lawrence Jewry where it was remarked by William III that Tillotson "had the brightest thoughts and the most correct style of all our divines, and was esteemed the best preacher of his age." He is now buried in St. Lawrence Jewry.
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 In order to understand John Tillotson’s “A Discourse Against Transubstantiation” it is important to define what transubstantiation is and why it was hotly debated topic  during the Reformation. In the Catholic Sacrament of Communion transubstantiation is the belief that when a priest blesses bread and wine that it becomes the body and blood of Jesus with only the physical appearance of wine and bread left. Protestants rejected this idea of transubstantiation during the Reformation as a creation of the Catholic Church and not from God.

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 =Conclusion=
-This milestone tells the muddled story of how the Tudors transformed England from a predominantly Catholic nation to a Protestant nation through the creation of "The Church of England". It also tells the story of the life of John Tillotson and how his life as a preacher was influenced by the Reformation, and how he continued to evolve history with his works and sermons. Tillotson's works show that he strongly believes in the Church of England and that he believes the Catholic Church to be fundamentally wrong. If I had more time I would love to explore the impact this time period has on current Catholic-Protestant churches, and if the tension continues today in any capacity.
+When I began this milestone I expected to find that John Tillotson wasn't as big of a deal as I would have liked. After studying Him in depth I came to realize that Tillotson was an important figure in historical context with famous connections. This milestone tells the muddled story of how the Tudors transformed England from a predominantly Catholic nation to a Protestant nation through the creation of "The Church of England". It also tells the story of the life of John Tillotson and how his life as a preacher was influenced by the Reformation, and how he continued to evolve history with his works and sermons. Tillotson's works show that he strongly believes in the Church of England and that he believes the Catholic Church to be fundamentally wrong. If I had more time I would love to explore the impact this time period has on current Catholic-Protestant churches, and if the tension continues today in any capacity. In addition to my historical findings about Tillotson I have also come to a greater sense of appreciation for my family history through this project.
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 =Abstract=
-Through this milestone I wanted to gain knowledge about the history of the English Reformation, and how my ancestor, John Tillotson, fit into the historical event. I had learned briefly about the Reformation in high school, but this project gave me the chance to go much deeper. I have had an interest in John Tillotson for some time, but never had the chance to study him in the depth I have here in London. My main takeaway from this project is the knowledge I have gained about the English Reformation, and how John Tillotson continued to shape Catholic-Protestant history in the time following.
+Through this milestone I gained knowledge about the history of the English Reformation, and how my ancestor, John Tillotson, fit into the historical event. I had learned briefly about the Reformation in high school, but this project gave me the chance to go much deeper. I have had an interest in John Tillotson for some time, but never had the chance to study him in the depth I have here in London. My main takeaway from this project was a working understanding of the English Reformation, and how John Tillotson continued to shape Catholic-Protestant history in the time following.
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 ===Mary I of England or "Bloody Mary" (Catholic Restoration)===
-Edward VI's plan failed and power was transferred to [[Mary I of England]] on July 18th, 1553.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 287</ref> Mary being a devout Catholic brought it upon herself to undo what her father Henry VIII and her half brother Edward VI had done to transform Christianity in England. Mary either reinstated and appointed bishops back into the Church of England, and appointed [[Cardinal Reginald Pole]] as Archbishop of Canterbury who had bee previously exiled.<ref>Servini, P. (2002). The English reformation. London: Hodder & Stoughton. P.P. 47</ref> She was conflicted about her role as head of the Church of England because she believed leading the church was a duty that belonged to the Pope in Rome.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 288</ref> For this reason Mary made it a priority to reinstate papal authority in the Church of England. This took place in 1554 when Cardinal Pole reversed the excommunication of England and all anti-papal legislation was repealed.<ref>Servini, P. (2002). The English reformation. London: Hodder & Stoughton. P.P. 47</ref> Mary gained her name "Bloody Mary" as a result of the sheer number of devout protestants she put to death during her reign. Mary's long term success was dependent on a Catholic heir who would continue her polices after her death. For this reason Mary I married Philip of Spain.<ref>Servini, P. (2002). The English reformation. London: Hodder & Stoughton. P.P. 47</ref> However, she would die in 1558 childless leaving no Catholic heir to continue her work.
+Edward VI's plan failed and power was transferred to Mary I of England on July 18th, 1553.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 287</ref> Mary being a devout Catholic brought it upon herself to undo what her father Henry VIII and her half brother Edward VI had done to transform Christianity in England. Mary either reinstated and appointed bishops back into the Church of England, and appointed Cardinal Reginald Pole as Archbishop of Canterbury who had bee previously exiled.<ref>Servini, P. (2002). The English reformation. London: Hodder & Stoughton. P.P. 47</ref> She was conflicted about her role as head of the Church of England because she believed leading the church was a duty that belonged to the Pope in Rome.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 288</ref> For this reason Mary made it a priority to reinstate papal authority in the Church of England. This took place in 1554 when Cardinal Pole reversed the excommunication of England and all anti-papal legislation was repealed.<ref>Servini, P. (2002). The English reformation. London: Hodder & Stoughton. P.P. 47</ref> Mary gained her name "Bloody Mary" as a result of the sheer number of devout protestants she put to death during her reign. Mary's long term success was dependent on a Catholic heir who would continue her polices after her death. For this reason Mary I married Philip of Spain.<ref>Servini, P. (2002). The English reformation. London: Hodder & Stoughton. P.P. 47</ref> However, she would die in 1558 childless leaving no Catholic heir to continue her work.
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 ===Origins with Henry VIII of England (English Reformation)===
-When Martin Luther dispatched his 95 thesis in Germany during 1517 Henry VIII, the English Monarch at the time, refuted the anti-catholic doctrine.<ref>Hillerbrand, H. J. (2017, January 24). Martin Luther. Retrieved June 02, 2017, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Luther</ref> In the year 1521 Henry VIII published a work, in conjunction with [[Thomas More]], titled "Assertio Septem Sacramentorum" (Defense of the Seven Sacraments) refuting Luther's teaching.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 92 </ref> In this work Henry VIII defended transubstantiation, the real presence of Christ in the sacrament of the Eucharist, as well as masses for the dead. The secondary motive for creating this work was also to promote himself in England as well as abroad.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 93 </ref> Henry VIII would later be awarded the title "Defender of the Faith" by [[Pope Leo X]].<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 93 </ref> At this point it would seem impossible that Henry VIII would later become the most influential person in leading England into the reformation, but that is exactly what would transpire.
+When Martin Luther dispatched his 95 thesis in Germany during 1517 Henry VIII, the English Monarch at the time, refuted the anti-catholic doctrine.<ref>Hillerbrand, H. J. (2017, January 24). Martin Luther. Retrieved June 02, 2017, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Luther</ref> In the year 1521 Henry VIII published a work, in conjunction with Thomas More, titled "Assertio Septem Sacramentorum" (Defense of the Seven Sacraments) refuting Luther's teaching.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 92 </ref> In this work Henry VIII defended transubstantiation, the real presence of Christ in the sacrament of the Eucharist, as well as masses for the dead. The secondary motive for creating this work was also to promote himself in England as well as abroad.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 93 </ref> Henry VIII would later be awarded the title "Defender of the Faith" by Pope Leo X.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 93 </ref> At this point it would seem impossible that Henry VIII would later become the most influential person in leading England into the reformation, but that is exactly what would transpire.
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-At this time religious unrest had already begun to take hold in England as many believed the Catholic Church to have corrupt flaws.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 93 </ref><ref> Servini, P. (2002). The English reformation. London: Hodder & Stoughton. P.P. 1</ref> Later Henry VIII's wife, [[Catherine of Aragon]], was unable to produce a male heir to the throne, and this began to trouble the king greatly.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 102</ref> The king came to believe that God was purposely not giving him a son in accordance with the Bible <ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 103</ref> in the book of Leviticus 20:21 it says "If a man marries his brother's wife it is an act of impurity; he has dishonored his brother. They will be childless." Catherine had previously been married to Henry VIII's brother and for this reason Henry believed he was childless, and that he needed to seek a papal annulment from [[Pope Clement VII]].<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 104</ref> However due to the Sacking of Rome Clement was unable to comply with Henry's request.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 106</ref> At this time Henry had also developed an interest in having [[Anne Boleyn]] replace Catherine as his queen.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 105</ref> This desire for an heir eventually led Henry to take matters into his own hands by convincing Parliament to create the [[Church of England]] during the years from 1534-1539, officially separating England from the Catholic Church.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 141</ref> Henry VIII a man once praised by the Pope for his devotion had now severed England's ties to the papacy.
+At this time religious unrest had already begun to take hold in England as many believed the Catholic Church to have corrupt flaws.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 93 </ref><ref> Servini, P. (2002). The English reformation. London: Hodder & Stoughton. P.P. 1</ref> Later Henry VIII's wife, Catherine of Aragon, was unable to produce a male heir to the throne, and this began to trouble the king greatly.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 102</ref> The king came to believe that God was purposely not giving him a son in accordance with the Bible <ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 103</ref> in the book of Leviticus 20:21 it says "If a man marries his brother's wife it is an act of impurity; he has dishonored his brother. They will be childless." Catherine had previously been married to Henry VIII's brother and for this reason Henry believed he was childless, and that he needed to seek a papal annulment from Pope Clement VII.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 104</ref> However due to the Sacking of Rome Clement was unable to comply with Henry's request.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 106</ref> At this time Henry had also developed an interest in having Anne Boleyn replace Catherine as his queen.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 105</ref> This desire for an heir eventually led Henry to take matters into his own hands by convincing Parliament to create the Church of England during the years from 1534-1539, officially separating England from the Catholic Church.<ref>Wilson, D. (2012). A Brief History of The English Reformation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers. P.P. 141</ref> Henry VIII a man once praised by the Pope for his devotion had now severed England's ties to the papacy.
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 ===Overview===
-The English Reformation refers to the time period and course of events that caused England to break away from the "Catholic Church" and form the Anglican "Church of England". This change was driven and contested starting with [[Henry VIII]], and continued to be driven by later English monarchs. This was also coupled with a desire of the English people for reform because of the corrupt state of the Catholic Church at the time.<ref>Servini, P. (2002). The English reformation. London: Hodder & Stoughton. P.P. 1</ref> This time period and the aftermath can be characterized by both high Catholic-Protestant tension and violence. The following is a brief history of the English Reformation to provide context for John Tillotson's life as a preacher in post reformation England.
+The English Reformation refers to the time period and course of events that caused England to break away from the "Catholic Church" and form the Anglican "Church of England". This change was driven and contested starting with Henry VIII, and continued to be driven by later English monarchs. This was also coupled with a desire of the English people for reform because of the corrupt state of the Catholic Church at the time.<ref>Servini, P. (2002). The English reformation. London: Hodder & Stoughton. P.P. 1</ref> This time period and the aftermath can be characterized by both high Catholic-Protestant tension and violence. The following is a brief history of the English Reformation to provide context for John Tillotson's life as a preacher in post reformation England.
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