The London Underground: A Timeline - Revision history

Tatedtsen: /* Tourist Line */

2017-06-22T20:13:51Z

‎Tourist Line

Tatedtsen: /* Building the London Underground: A Timeline */

2017-06-22T20:12:13Z

‎Building the London Underground: A Timeline

Tatedtsen: /* The Theory of Co-Development */

2017-06-22T20:06:59Z

‎The Theory of Co-Development

Tatedtsen: /* The Reasoning Behind the Railway */

2017-06-22T20:05:07Z

‎The Reasoning Behind the Railway

Tatedtsen: /* Background */

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‎Background

Tatedtsen: /* Abstract */

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‎Abstract

Tatedtsen: /* Conclusion */

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‎Conclusion

Tatedtsen: /* Introduction */

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‎Introduction

Tatedtsen: /* Conclusion */

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‎Conclusion

Tatedtsen: /* Potential Tube Lines */

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‎Potential Tube Lines

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 == Potential Tube Improvements==
 ===Tourist Line===
-This line includes stops near the biggest tourist sites in London. This includes the Tower of London, Tower Bridge, St. Paul's Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, the Palace of Westminster, Big Ben, Buckingham Palace, the British Museum, the Natural History Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, London Science Museum, Imperial War Museum, the Wallace Collection, Shakespear's Globe Theater, Tate Modern, and Tate Britain. The stations it will stop at include Tower Hill, St. Paul's, Westminster, Russel Square, South Kensington, Lambeth North,  Bond Street, Southwark, and Pimlico. This is the breakdown of the stations:
+This line includes stops near the biggest tourist sites in London. This includes the Tower of London, Tower Bridge, St. Paul's Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, the Palace of Westminster, Big Ben, Buckingham Palace, the British Museum, the Natural History Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, London Science Museum, Imperial War Museum, the Wallace Collection, Shakespeare's Globe Theater, Tate Modern, and Tate Britain. The stations it will stop at include Tower Hill, St. Paul's, Westminster, Russel Square, South Kensington, Lambeth North,  Bond Street, Southwark, and Pimlico. This is the breakdown of the stations:
 *Tower Hill: Exit here for the [[Tower of London]] and Tower Bridge.
 *Southwark: Exit here for [[Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet at the Globe Theater (2017)|Shakespeare's Globe Theater]] and [[Tate Modern]].

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 *<span style="color:#000080"> '''1907''' </span>- A branch on the Piccadilly line opens from Holborn to Aldwych.
-*<span style="color:#FF0000"> '''1908''' </span>- The Central line extends west to Wood Lane to support the While City Exhibition.
+*<span style="color:#FF0000"> '''1908''' </span>- The Central line extends west to Wood Lane to support the White City Exhibition.
 *<span style="color:#008000"> '''1910''' </span>- The District line extends to Uxbridge.

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 As apparent as this theory is in the suburban areas, the city center seems to be the opposite<ref name = "Co-Development"/>. These rails that have been moving people to the suburbs have been the same ones moving people away from the city. London has become an area with "low-residential and very high-commercial densities" indicating depopulation of the city center began with overground services and accelerated with the production of the Underground<ref name = "Co-Development"/>. This could be due to the Underground being able to get into the city center in a way that overground services could never achieve. Increased transportation to the center of London seems to have increased the desire to live outside of the city center. Think about this, if you worked in the center of London would you want to drive from the suburbs through city traffic every day? No. With increased railway transportation as close as the street you work on, why continue to pay the price of city living if it is cheaper to move? Tube expansion facilitated this move. <br><br>
-It can be seen now, Tube expansion is not simply facilitated by congestion due to increased population. Expanding to the suburbs wouldn't entirely solve this problem. If there are too many people, you need more trains. If people are farther away, you need more tracks. These decisions are highly influenced by each other, however. Induced supply and induced demand are supported by research done by David Levinson, showing the clear correlation of Tube expansion of population relocation<ref name = "Co-Development"/>.
+It can be seen now, Tube expansion is not simply facilitated by congestion due to increased population. Expanding to the suburbs wouldn't entirely solve this problem. If there are too many people, you need more trains. If people are farther away, you need more tracks. These decisions are highly influenced by each other, however. Induced supply and induced demand are supported by research done by David Levinson, showing the clear correlation of Tube expansion and population relocation<ref name = "Co-Development"/>.
 <br><br>

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 ==The Reasoning Behind the Railway==
 London is well known for its blue and red Tube signs. Tourists buy water bottles, socks, t-shirts, and much more covered with the Underground map or signs. The production of this vital part of the city began over 150 years ago. A majority of the railway built between 1863 and 1913 was in the central part of the city<ref name = "Timeline"/>. It wasn't until later, when the city was becoming too cramped, that the lines expanded to the suburbs. It has been debated if the development of these new Tube lines fostered the suburbs, or if the expansion of the city's population to the suburbs had fostered the expansion of the Tube<ref name = "Co-Development"/>. <br><br>
 Different lines have had different reasoning for being built. It was rumored the Bakerloo line was built because a group of businessmen had no easy way to get to work in a city full of taxis, buses, and cars<ref name = "Timeline"/>. Of course, this group must have been larger than just a group of work buddies considering about 36,000 people rode the Bakerloo line the day it opened<ref name = "Timeline"/>. The Circle line was clearly built for transport within the city center. A person could get fairly near to any place in London by taking the Circle line. The Metropolitan Railway, now part of multiple Underground lines, was greatly extended to suburban areas in the northwest of London in the 20th century. Since the Underground was still owned by multiple private companies, this was a huge marketing opportunity. Metropolitan Railway promoted dream homes in the countryside and their high-speed rail services that could get people there<ref name = "Mullins"/>. This again raises the question of co-development; does the growth of the suburbs promote Tube expansion, or does Tube expansion promote the growth of the suburbs?  <br><br>
-Most construction of the Underground after the 1920s were extensions. The first new line across London for 60 years was the Victoria line in 1968, followed by the Jubilee line in 1979<ref name = "Timeline"/>. This is in part due to the sizable commitment such a line entails. The Tube lines that cross the city have all take over 20 years to complete start to finish, making extensions seem like a much more feasible option. The Victoria line was built to relieve congestion, specifically on the Piccadilly and Northern lines, by connecting the main line stations Euston, Kings Cross St. Pancras, and Victoria <ref name = "Timeline"/>. The Jubilee line was built much for the same purpose. It has connected new tunnels across London between Baker Street and Charing Cross. This line's opening and extension has greatly facilitated London's Docklands as a center for business, leisure, and residential activity <ref name = "Timeline"/>.
 <br><br>

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 =Background=
 ==The Reasoning Behind the Railway==
 London is well known for its blue and red Tube signs. Tourists buy water bottles, socks, t-shirts, and much more covered with the Underground map or signs. The production of this vital part of the city began over 150 years ago. A majority of the railway built between 1863 and 1913 was in the central part of the city<ref name = "Timeline"/>. It wasn't until later, when the city was becoming too cramped, that the lines expanded to the suburbs. It has been debated if the development of these new Tube lines fostered the suburbs, or if the expansion of the city's population to the suburbs had fostered the expansion of the Tube<ref name = "Co-Development"/>. <br><br>

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 =Abstract=
-The objective of this project was to answer; How has the expansion of the population of London contributed to the expansion of the tube? and How can new lines help decrease congestion? Information on the development of the Underground and theories of its expansion are included in the background. The deliverable focuses on potential lines for decreasing congestion. It is clear from this project that the Underground cannot expand much more in the center of the city, but new boroughs could pop up due to increased populations. My previous humanities experience involves twentieth-century American foreign relations, history of the life science, and a background in writing.
+The objective of this project was to answer; How has the expansion of the population of London contributed to the expansion of the tube? and How can new lines help decrease congestion? Information on the development of the Underground and theories of its expansion are included in the background. The deliverable focuses on potential lines for decreasing congestion. It is clear from this project that the Underground cannot expand much more in the center of the city, but new boroughs could pop up due to increases in populations of communities on the outskirts of the city. My previous humanities experience involves twentieth-century American foreign relations, history of the life science, and a background in writing.
 <br><br>

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 =Conclusion=
-This project focused on determining the key factors that went into building the world's first underground railway and how that railway has expanded and adapted to account for the increased population of the city of London. The complete timeline of the creation of the Tube showed how much population, technology, and use have affected the production and development of new tube lines. It would be interesting to do a side-by-side comparison of population growth and tube development to further study the theory of co-development. In completing the deliverable, I found it harder than I expected to find ways to improve the tube. The biggest issue I could find was congestion. The ideas proposed in the deliverable would hopefully combat some of the congestion problems on the Underground.
+This project focused on determining the key factors that went into building the world's first underground railway and how that railway has expanded and adapted to account for the increased population of the city of London. The complete timeline of the creation of the Tube showed how much population, technology, and use have affected the production and development of new tube lines. It would be interesting to do a side-by-side comparison of population growth and tube development to further study the theory of co-development, especially by focusing on a few communities outside of the city center that have become hubs for commuting to London. In completing the deliverable, I found it harder than I expected to find ways to improve the tube. The biggest issue I could find was congestion. The ideas proposed in the deliverable would hopefully combat some of the congestion problems on the Underground.
 <br><br>

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 =Introduction=
-<br>
+This project explores the history of the London Underground, specifically why it was built and what has influenced its expansion. Similar projects have explored different sides to the London Underground, including what makes it so iconic to the city of London. In completing this milestone, I wanted to contribute something that could help improve and/or expand the reach of the London Underground. Since the system already travels over the entire city, and even beyond when connecting to the National Rail or London Overground, the best way to improve the access is through relieving congestion. The idea of trying to improve such an iconic transportation seems as though it would be nearly impossible. Finding ways to change even the slightest problem engaged a new thought process for me. By relying on my previous knowledge of problem-solving, I came up with three ideas to help decrease congestion on the Underground.
 <br><br>

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 =Deliverable=
-== Potential Tube Lines==
+== Potential Tube Improvements==
 ===Tourist Line===
 This line includes stops near the biggest tourist sites in London. This includes the Tower of London, Tower Bridge, St. Paul's Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, the Palace of Westminster, Big Ben, Buckingham Palace, the British Museum, the Natural History Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, London Science Museum, Imperial War Museum, the Wallace Collection, Shakespear's Globe Theater, Tate Modern, and Tate Britain. The stations it will stop at include Tower Hill, St. Paul's, Westminster, Russel Square, South Kensington, Lambeth North,  Bond Street, Southwark, and Pimlico. This is the breakdown of the stations:
@@ Line 205: / Line 205: @@
 ===Short Line===
-This line would be for the sole purpose of directly connecting King's Cross St. Pancras, Waterloo, Victoria, and Oxford Circus. Thes are some of the busiest stations on the Underground and connecting them would decrease congestion on other lines including the Picadilly line, the Victoria line, and the Central line.
+This line would be for the sole purpose of directly connecting King's Cross St. Pancras, Waterloo, Victoria, and Oxford Circus. These are some of the busiest stations on the Underground and connecting them would decrease congestion on other lines including the Picadilly line, the Victoria line, and the Central line.
 <br><br>