The Modern Impacts of George Orwell's 1984 - Revision history

Bjsecino at 13:32, 22 June 2017

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Vjmanzo at 11:51, 21 June 2017

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Bjsecino at 11:41, 21 June 2017

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Bjsecino at 13:28, 16 June 2017

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Bjsecino at 13:07, 16 June 2017

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Bjsecino at 13:03, 16 June 2017

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Bjsecino at 12:55, 16 June 2017

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 =Section 2: Deliverable=
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-The deliverable for this milestone consists of a creative writing piece inspired by Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four. This piece was first composed for milestone two, but has been brought forward a draft for this milestone. Because of the length of this piece, the first sixty-five pages have been brought into a third draft. Pages sixty-six through two hundred seventy-eight remain as in draft two. For a full description of this creative piece, see the Deliverable section of milestone two, [[The Influences of George Orwell's 1984|here]].
+The deliverable for this milestone consists of a creative writing piece inspired by Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four. This piece was first composed for milestone two, but has been brought forward a draft for this milestone. Because of the length of this piece, only the first seventy-one pages have been brought into a third draft. Pages seventy-two through two hundred seventy-four remain as in draft two. For a full description of this creative piece, see the Deliverable section of milestone two, [[The Influences of George Orwell's 1984|here]].
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-[[Media: The Void Between - Draft 3.pdf|The Void Between - Draft Three]]
+[[Media: The Void Between - Draft 3 (1).pdf|The Void Between - Draft Three]]
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-=Category tags=
+<!--Category tags-->
 [[Category:Writing & Rhetoric Projects]]
 [[Category:History Projects]]
 [[Category:English Projects]]

@@ Line 116: / Line 116: @@
 =Section 2: Deliverable=
 <br>
-The deliverable for this milestone consists of a creative writing piece inspired by Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four. This piece was first composed for milestone two, but has been brought forward a draft for this milestone. For a full description of this creative piece, see the Deliverable section of milestone two, [[The Influences of George Orwell's 1984|here]].
+The deliverable for this milestone consists of a creative writing piece inspired by Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four. This piece was first composed for milestone two, but has been brought forward a draft for this milestone. Because of the length of this piece, the first sixty-five pages have been brought into a third draft. Pages sixty-six through two hundred seventy-eight remain as in draft two. For a full description of this creative piece, see the Deliverable section of milestone two, [[The Influences of George Orwell's 1984|here]].
 <br><br>
-(When finished, a link to the draft will be inserted here.)
+[[Media: The Void Between - Draft 3.pdf|The Void Between - Draft Three]]
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 </ref>." Using language in this way allows politicians and organizations to avoid justifying their actions to the public.
 <br><br>
-The term "Newspeak" continues to be used to describe jargon that hides or changes meaning. For instance, when the BBC described a Parliament with an equal number of seats occupied by different parties as a "balanced Parliament" in 2010 instead of the more common term "hung Parliament," some called the new term a form of manipulative Newspeak<ref>"Hughes, D. Orwell's Newspeak lives on at the BBC." Telegraph Online. 20 Apr. 2010. Business Insights: Essentials. Web. 7 June 2017.<br>Newspaper article retrieved online. Page numbers unavailable.</ref>. According to opponents of the term, using the word "balanced" implied that having a hung Parliament was a desirable outcome of the upcoming election, as opposed to a negative outcome that would lead to "horse-trading on a grand scale<ref>Hughes, D. Orwell's Newspeak lives on at the BBC." Telegraph Online. 20 Apr. 2010. Business Insights: Essentials. Web. 7 June 2017.<br>Newspaper article retrieved online. Page numbers unavailable.</ref>."
+The term "Newspeak" continues to be used to describe jargon that hides or changes meaning. For instance, when the BBC described a Parliament with an equal number of seats occupied by different parties as a "balanced Parliament" in 2010 instead of the more common term "hung Parliament," some called the new term a form of manipulative Newspeak<ref>Hughes, D. "Orwell's Newspeak lives on at the BBC." Telegraph Online. 20 Apr. 2010. Business Insights: Essentials. Web. 7 June 2017.<br>Newspaper article retrieved online. Page numbers unavailable.</ref>. According to opponents of the term, using the word "balanced" implied that having a hung Parliament was a desirable outcome of the upcoming election, as opposed to a negative outcome that would lead to "horse-trading on a grand scale<ref>Hughes, D. "Orwell's Newspeak lives on at the BBC." Telegraph Online. 20 Apr. 2010. Business Insights: Essentials. Web. 7 June 2017.<br>Newspaper article retrieved online. Page numbers unavailable.</ref>."
 <br><br>
 Of course, in the original sense of "Newspeak" put forth by Orwell, describing a hung Parliament as "balanced" is not an example of Newspeak, but is merely a rhetorical device. Newspeak goes further than simply swapping out a negatively-connotated word for a more pleasant one; it fundamentally redirects meaning and guides thought. However, in modern politics and discourse, "Newspeak" has taken on fresh meaning. It has become a term used to deride the rhetorical devices of one's opponents, simultaneously discrediting their words and implying that they are on the side of Big Brother.

@@ Line 106: / Line 106: @@
 </ref>." Using language in this way allows politicians and organizations to avoid justifying their actions to the public.
 <br><br>
-The term "Newspeak" continues to be used to describe jargon that hides or changes meaning. For instance, when the BBC described a Parliament with an equal number of seats occupied by different parties as a "balanced Parliament" in 2010 instead of the more common term "hung Parliament," some called the new term a form of manipulative Newspeak<ref>"Orwell's Newspeak lives on at the BBC." Telegraph Online 20 Apr. 2010. Business Insights: Essentials. Web. 7 June 2017.</ref>. According to opponents of the term, using the word "balanced" implied that having a hung Parliament was a desirable outcome of the upcoming election, as opposed to a negative outcome that would lead to "horse-trading on a grand scale<ref>"Orwell's Newspeak lives on at the BBC." Telegraph Online 20 Apr. 2010. Business Insights: Essentials. Web. 7 June 2017.</ref>."
+The term "Newspeak" continues to be used to describe jargon that hides or changes meaning. For instance, when the BBC described a Parliament with an equal number of seats occupied by different parties as a "balanced Parliament" in 2010 instead of the more common term "hung Parliament," some called the new term a form of manipulative Newspeak<ref>"Hughes, D. Orwell's Newspeak lives on at the BBC." Telegraph Online. 20 Apr. 2010. Business Insights: Essentials. Web. 7 June 2017.<br>Newspaper article retrieved online. Page numbers unavailable.</ref>. According to opponents of the term, using the word "balanced" implied that having a hung Parliament was a desirable outcome of the upcoming election, as opposed to a negative outcome that would lead to "horse-trading on a grand scale<ref>Hughes, D. Orwell's Newspeak lives on at the BBC." Telegraph Online. 20 Apr. 2010. Business Insights: Essentials. Web. 7 June 2017.<br>Newspaper article retrieved online. Page numbers unavailable.</ref>."
 <br><br>
 Of course, in the original sense of "Newspeak" put forth by Orwell, describing a hung Parliament as "balanced" is not an example of Newspeak, but is merely a rhetorical device. Newspeak goes further than simply swapping out a negatively-connotated word for a more pleasant one; it fundamentally redirects meaning and guides thought. However, in modern politics and discourse, "Newspeak" has taken on fresh meaning. It has become a term used to deride the rhetorical devices of one's opponents, simultaneously discrediting their words and implying that they are on the side of Big Brother.

@@ Line 93: / Line 93: @@
 A republishing in e-book form by The University of Adelaide. Page numbers unavailable.
 </ref>." In many ways, Newspeak is considered to be one of Orwell's most accurate and enduring prophecies<ref>Allen, J. S. (1984, June 8). Newspeak: Orwell's Most Prophetic Idea. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved June 16, 2017, from http://www.csmonitor.com/1984/0608/060853.html<br>
-News article found online. Page numbers unavailable..</ref>. While the overt totalitarian control seen in Nineteen Eighty-Four has not manifested itself in the majority of modern nations, the more subtle control of thought and perception provided by the specialized twisting of language is commonplace in politics and society in general, both in the United States and around the world<ref>It's way past 1984 but lazy habits mean George Orwell's Newspeak is now definitely trending. (2015, September 5). Australian [National, Australia], p. 19. Retrieved from http://libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A427701201/OVIC?u=mlin_c_worpoly&xid=75923921</ref>. The following, a hypothetical defense of Russian totalitarianism, is an example Orwell gives of such obfuscating language:
+News article found online. Page numbers unavailable..</ref>. While the overt totalitarian control seen in Nineteen Eighty-Four has not manifested itself in the majority of modern nations, the more subtle control of thought and perception provided by the specialized twisting of language is commonplace in politics and society in general, both in the United States and around the world<ref>Kelly, M. (2015, September 5). It's Way Past 1984 But Lazy Habits Mean George Orwell's Newspeak Is Now Definitely Trending. The Australian. Retrieved June 16, 2017, from http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/NewsDetailsPage/NewsDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=&displayGroupName=News&docIndex=&source=DirectLinking&prodId=&mode=view&jsid=6dd90701104ed78cda4c0e175afc4ddd&limiter=&display-query=&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&windowstate=normal&currPage=&dviSelectedPage=&scanId=&query=&search_within_results=&p=OVIC%3AGIC&catId=&u=mlin_c_worpoly&displayGroups=&documentId=GALE%7CA427701201&activityType=BasicSearch&failOverType=&commentary=<br>
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 ''While freely conceding that the Soviet regime exhibits certain features which the humanitarian may be inclined to deplore, we must, I think, agree that a certain curtailment of the right to political opposition is an unavoidable concomitant of transitional periods, and that the rigors which the Russian people have been called upon to undergo have been amply justified in the sphere of concrete achievement.''<ref>Orwell, G. (2014). Politics and the English Language. South Australia: The University of Adelaide Library. Retrieved June 16, 2017, from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79p/.<br>

@@ Line 88: / Line 88: @@
 A republishing in e-book form by The University of Adelaide.</ref>
 <br><br>
-The early stages of Orwell's thoughts on the dangers and origins of Newspeak appear in his 1946 essay, "Politics and The English Language<ref>Orwell, G. (1946). Politics and the English language. Retrieved June 7, 2017, from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79p/</ref>." Here, Orwell lays out clear examples of the ways in which language can be twisted "to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give the appearance of solidity to pure wind<ref>Orwell, G. (1946). Politics and the English language. Retrieved June 7, 2017, from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79p/</ref>." In many ways, Newspeak is considered to be one of Orwell's most accurate and enduring prophecies<ref>Allen, J. S. (1984, June 8). Newspeak: Orwell's Most Prophetic Idea. The Christian Science Monitor.</ref>. While the overt totalitarian control seen in Nineteen Eighty-Four has not manifested itself in the majority of modern nations, the more subtle control of thought and perception provided by the specialized twisting of language is commonplace in politics and society in general, both in the United States and around the world<ref>It's way past 1984 but lazy habits mean George Orwell's Newspeak is now definitely trending. (2015, September 5). Australian [National, Australia], p. 19. Retrieved from http://libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A427701201/OVIC?u=mlin_c_worpoly&xid=75923921</ref>. The following, a hypothetical defense of Russian totalitarianism, is an example Orwell gives of such obfuscating language:
+The early stages of Orwell's thoughts on the dangers and origins of Newspeak appear in his 1946 essay, "Politics and The English Language<ref>Orwell, G. (2014). Politics and the English Language. South Australia: The University of Adelaide Library. Retrieved June 16, 2017, from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79p/.<br>
 <br><br>
-''While freely conceding that the Soviet regime exhibits certain features which the humanitarian may be inclined to deplore, we must, I think, agree that a certain curtailment of the right to political opposition is an unavoidable concomitant of transitional periods, and that the rigors which the Russian people have been called upon to undergo have been amply justified in the sphere of concrete achievement.''<ref>Orwell, G. (1946). Politics and the English language. Retrieved June 7, 2017, from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79p</ref>
+''While freely conceding that the Soviet regime exhibits certain features which the humanitarian may be inclined to deplore, we must, I think, agree that a certain curtailment of the right to political opposition is an unavoidable concomitant of transitional periods, and that the rigors which the Russian people have been called upon to undergo have been amply justified in the sphere of concrete achievement.''<ref>Orwell, G. (2014). Politics and the English Language. South Australia: The University of Adelaide Library. Retrieved June 16, 2017, from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79p/.<br>
 <br><br>
-Orwell translates this passage as: "I believe in killing off your opponents when you can get good results by doing so<ref>Orwell, G. (1946). Politics and the English language. Retrieved June 7, 2017, from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79p</ref>." This simpler phrasing is straight and to the point, but is nowhere near as defensible as the first statement. Why? Because, Orwell would argue, it actually ''says'' something, instead of filling space with euphemisms and Latin-rooted words which, combined, "fall... upon the facts like soft snow, blurring the outlines and covering up all the details<ref>Orwell, G. (1946). Politics and the English language. Retrieved June 7, 2017, from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79p</ref>." Using language in this way allows politicians and organizations to avoid justifying their actions to the public.
+Orwell translates this passage as: "I believe in killing off your opponents when you can get good results by doing so<ref>Orwell, G. (2014). Politics and the English Language. South Australia: The University of Adelaide Library. Retrieved June 16, 2017, from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79p/.<br>
 <br><br>
 The term "Newspeak" continues to be used to describe jargon that hides or changes meaning. For instance, when the BBC described a Parliament with an equal number of seats occupied by different parties as a "balanced Parliament" in 2010 instead of the more common term "hung Parliament," some called the new term a form of manipulative Newspeak<ref>"Orwell's Newspeak lives on at the BBC." Telegraph Online 20 Apr. 2010. Business Insights: Essentials. Web. 7 June 2017.</ref>. According to opponents of the term, using the word "balanced" implied that having a hung Parliament was a desirable outcome of the upcoming election, as opposed to a negative outcome that would lead to "horse-trading on a grand scale<ref>"Orwell's Newspeak lives on at the BBC." Telegraph Online 20 Apr. 2010. Business Insights: Essentials. Web. 7 June 2017.</ref>."

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 ==Orwell and the Persistence of Newspeak==
 <br>
-Orwell's thoughts on the uses and misuses of language play a large role in Nineteen Eighty-Four, appearing as the foundations of Oceana's state-approved language, "Newspeak." The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four contains only one appendix, which is entirely dedicated to "The Principles of Newspeak<ref>Orwell, G. (n.d.). Nineteen Eighty-Four. Retrieved June 7, 2017, from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79n/complete.html#appendix</ref>," laying out the political philosophy behind the language, the treatement of its vocabulary, and its gramatical structure. Orwell explains the essence of Newspeak as follows:
+Orwell's thoughts on the uses and misuses of language play a large role in Nineteen Eighty-Four, appearing as the foundations of Oceana's state-approved language, "Newspeak." The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four contains only one appendix, which is entirely dedicated to "The Principles of Newspeak<ref>Orwell, G. (2016). 1984. South Australia: The University of Adelaide Library. Retrieved June 16, 2017, from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79n/complete.html.<br>
 <br><br>
-''The purpose of Newspeak was not only to provide a medium of expression for the world-view and mental habits proper to the devotees of Ingsoc, but to make all other modes of thought impossible. It was intended that when Newspeak had been adopted once and for all and Oldspeak forgotten, a heretical thought - that is, a thought diverging from the principles of Ingsoc - should be literally unthinkable, at least so far as thought is dependent on words.''<ref>Orwell, G. (n.d.). Nineteen Eighty-Four. Retrieved June 7, 2017, from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79n/complete.html#appendix</ref>
+''The purpose of Newspeak was not only to provide a medium of expression for the world-view and mental habits proper to the devotees of Ingsoc, but to make all other modes of thought impossible. It was intended that when Newspeak had been adopted once and for all and Oldspeak forgotten, a heretical thought - that is, a thought diverging from the principles of Ingsoc - should be literally unthinkable, at least so far as thought is dependent on words.''<ref>Orwell, G. (2016). 1984. South Australia: The University of Adelaide Library. Retrieved June 16, 2017, from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79n/complete.html.<br>
 <br><br>
 The early stages of Orwell's thoughts on the dangers and origins of Newspeak appear in his 1946 essay, "Politics and The English Language<ref>Orwell, G. (1946). Politics and the English language. Retrieved June 7, 2017, from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79p/</ref>." Here, Orwell lays out clear examples of the ways in which language can be twisted "to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give the appearance of solidity to pure wind<ref>Orwell, G. (1946). Politics and the English language. Retrieved June 7, 2017, from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79p/</ref>." In many ways, Newspeak is considered to be one of Orwell's most accurate and enduring prophecies<ref>Allen, J. S. (1984, June 8). Newspeak: Orwell's Most Prophetic Idea. The Christian Science Monitor.</ref>. While the overt totalitarian control seen in Nineteen Eighty-Four has not manifested itself in the majority of modern nations, the more subtle control of thought and perception provided by the specialized twisting of language is commonplace in politics and society in general, both in the United States and around the world<ref>It's way past 1984 but lazy habits mean George Orwell's Newspeak is now definitely trending. (2015, September 5). Australian [National, Australia], p. 19. Retrieved from http://libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A427701201/OVIC?u=mlin_c_worpoly&xid=75923921</ref>. The following, a hypothetical defense of Russian totalitarianism, is an example Orwell gives of such obfuscating language:
@@ Line 96: / Line 98: @@
 Of course, in the original sense of "Newspeak" put forth by Orwell, describing a hung Parliament as "balanced" is not an example of Newspeak, but is merely a rhetorical device. Newspeak goes further than simply swapping out a negatively-connotated word for a more pleasant one; it fundamentally redirects meaning and guides thought. However, in modern politics and discourse, "Newspeak" has taken on fresh meaning. It has become a term used to deride the rhetorical devices of one's opponents, simultaneously discrediting their words and implying that they are on the side of Big Brother.
 <br><br>
-Ironically, this new definition of "Newspeak" presents a fair example of the original definition of "Newspeak:" A word has been selected from the English language, and its meaning has been systematically altered to better suit the needs and desires of political powers. Just as Big Brother changed the meaning of the word "free" to become synonymous with "without<ref>Orwell, G. (n.d.). Nineteen Eighty-Four. Retrieved June 7, 2017, from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79n/complete.html#appendix</ref>," "Newspeak" has been sheared of meaning and whittled down to something that can be readily used as a political cudgel without the bother of complex connotations. Thus, Newspeak follows in the footsteps of many other Orwell-inspired terms - "Big Brother," "Orwellian," "Thoughtcrime" - each of which has taken on a meaning greatly different than originally intended.
+Ironically, this new definition of "Newspeak" presents a fair example of the original definition of "Newspeak:" A word has been selected from the English language, and its meaning has been systematically altered to better suit the needs and desires of political powers. Just as Big Brother changed the meaning of the word "free" to become synonymous with "without<ref>Orwell, G. (2016). 1984. South Australia: The University of Adelaide Library. Retrieved June 16, 2017, from https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george/o79n/complete.html.<br>
 <br><br>

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 ''Orwell denied: Bill to stop employers from sticking RFIDs under workers' skin''
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-''In an attempt to forestall the arrival of 1984, a California state senator has introduced a bill to ban employers from inserting identification devices under the skin of employees''<ref>Koman, R. (2007, June 18). Orwell Denied: Bill To Stop Employers from Sticking RFIDs Under Workers' Skin. Retrieved June 6, 2017, from http://www.zdnet.com/article/orwell-denied-bill-to-stop-employers-from-sticking-rfids-under-workers-skin/</ref>
+''In an attempt to forestall the arrival of 1984, a California state senator has introduced a bill to ban employers from inserting identification devices under the skin of employees''<ref>Koman, R. (2007, June 18). Orwell Denied: Bill To Stop Employers from Sticking RFIDs Under Workers' Skin. Retrieved June 6, 2017, from http://www.zdnet.com/article/orwell-denied-bill-to-stop-employers-from-sticking-rfids-under-workers-skin/Koman, R. (2007, June 18). Orwell Denied: Bill to Stop Employers From Sticking RFIDs Under Workers' Skin. ZDNet. Retrieved June 16, 2017, from http://www.zdnet.com/article/orwell-denied-bill-to-stop-employers-from-sticking-rfids-under-workers-skin/
 <br><br>
 Because of statements like these, Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four has begun to transform from a novel with a political message of its own into a symbol of a vague-yet-terrifying future in which freedom and justice no longer exist. This symbol, invoked through words like "Orwell," "Big Brother," and "Nineteen Eighty-Four," is often filled with whatever political purpose a speaker wishes to support, and seems to grant this speaker the instant appearance of authority. However, this method of use and misuse presents an interesting irony: When both sides of the political spectrum claim Orwell as their own, it is impossible for both sides to be representing him accurately. This misrepresentation, used to twist public opinion and enliven propaganda, is, in turn, distinctly Orwellian.