Two Treatises of Government - Revision history

Mbpatel: /* How Is Locke's Political Philosophy Seen In America Today */

2017-06-22T22:44:23Z

‎How Is Locke's Political Philosophy Seen In America Today

Mbpatel: /* How Is Locke's Political Philosophy Seen In America Today */

2017-06-22T22:40:17Z

‎How Is Locke's Political Philosophy Seen In America Today

Mbpatel: /* How Is Locke's Political Philosophy Seen In America Today */

2017-06-22T22:38:10Z

‎How Is Locke's Political Philosophy Seen In America Today

Mbpatel: /* How Is Locke's Political Philosophy Seen In America Today */

2017-06-22T22:36:19Z

‎How Is Locke's Political Philosophy Seen In America Today

Mbpatel: /* How Is Locke's Political Philosophy Seen In America Today */

2017-06-22T22:32:43Z

‎How Is Locke's Political Philosophy Seen In America Today

Mbpatel: /* How Is Locke's Political Philosophy Seen In America Today */

2017-06-22T22:28:24Z

‎How Is Locke's Political Philosophy Seen In America Today

Mbpatel: /* How Is Locke's Political Philosophy Seen In America Today */

2017-06-22T20:58:04Z

‎How Is Locke's Political Philosophy Seen In America Today

Mbpatel: /* Conclusion */

2017-06-22T19:38:41Z

‎Conclusion

Mbpatel: /* Category tags */

2017-06-22T17:02:04Z

‎Category tags

Mbpatel: /* The State Of War */

2017-06-22T14:40:14Z

‎The State Of War

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 At the same time, the American government shows flaws. There have been instances in history where the government failed to serve its people. One such instance involves slavery. For years, African Americans were considered property. They were enslaved to their American owners and abused as the owners saw fit.
 <ref>Milburn, M., & Conrad, S. (2016). Denial, Slavery, and Racism in America. In Raised to Rage: The Politics of Anger and the Roots of Authoritarianism (pp. 145-166). Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: MIT Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt1f2qqt0.12</ref> The display of slavery was against Locke's philosophy on human liberty and also the American Constitution. Locke considered all humans to have the right of liberty, but African Americans were not given this right just because of their race.<ref>Milburn, M., & Conrad, S. (2016). Denial, Slavery, and Racism in America. In Raised to Rage: The Politics of Anger and the Roots of Authoritarianism (pp. 145-166). Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: MIT Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt1f2qqt0.12</ref>
-According to Locke and the American Constitution, the government was required to step in and correct this injustice by freeing the slaves. This, however, did not happen, even when the slaves called for justice by showing resistance. Instead, the government created laws to protect slavery, considering slaves to be property, where it neglected its duties to the people under its jurisdiction all because the slaves were of different race. This injustice was partially corrected by abolishing slavery after years of African Americans suffering.<ref>Milburn, M., & Conrad, S. (2016). Denial, Slavery, and Racism in America. In Raised to Rage: The Politics of Anger and the Roots of Authoritarianism (pp. 145-166). Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: MIT Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt1f2qqt0.12</ref><br />
+According to Locke and the American Constitution, the government was required to step in and correct this injustice by freeing the slaves. This, however, did not happen, even when the slaves called for justice by showing resistance. Instead, the government created laws to protect slavery, considering slaves to be property, where it neglected its duties to the people under its authority because the slaves were of different race. This injustice was partially corrected by abolishing slavery after years of African Americans suffering.<ref>Milburn, M., & Conrad, S. (2016). Denial, Slavery, and Racism in America. In Raised to Rage: The Politics of Anger and the Roots of Authoritarianism (pp. 145-166). Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: MIT Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt1f2qqt0.12</ref><br />
 Even after slavery was abolished, African Americans still weren't granted their full liberty in American society. There were numerous laws put in place by the American government that still restricted their liberty in American society. These laws caused the African Americans to be segregated, where they continued to see oppression in various parts of American society. African Americans protested for liberty and equality but the government refused to serve them. Instead, they opposed their resistance for many years, causing them injustice by doing so. This exemplifies a situation where the American government shows flaws.
 <ref>McCright, A. (2002). American Journal of Sociology, 107(3), 679-716. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/376269</ref> Locke defined a government to serve its people in protecting their rights, but American government failed its duties to the people in the example above. Segregation was abolished after many years of injustice faced by African Americans, where they finally legally received their liberty and equality in American society. This, however, happened after many years of African Americans suffering, where they were denied assistance by the government.

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 <br>
 Locke's political views are still valid today. Every person observed in America has their freedom because of the American government. The government itself has stood the test of time where it has successfully served the people to this day. This can be observed throughout history where the government corrected occasions of unjust treatments according to the demands of the people. One such occasion was the movement to allow women to vote. Locke pointed out that every human had the right to life, liberty, and property, also seen in the American Constitution as described above. However, women, despite being human, had their liberty threatened during the early periods of America. Their societal freedom was restricted just because of their gender. The women found this to be unjust and rebelled with protest. The government responded to their protest by assessing their situation and corrected their injustice by giving women equality in societies through the creation of laws, especially regarding the right to vote.
-<ref>Cahill, B. (2015). Where Women Marched—Parades, Meetings, and Other Activities. In Arkansas Women and the Right to Vote: The Little Rock Campaigns: 1868-1920 (pp. 93-99). Little Rock, Arkansas: Butler Center for Arkansas Studies. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt1ffjqhn.23</ref> This goes to show that the American government is there to serve the people, just as Locke pointed out in his ''Two Treatises Of Government'' discussed above. Furthermore, every person in America observed today are considered equal and free in the American society, regardless of their ethnicity, gender, or religion. This is because people in America possess the right to rebel when injustice occurs and the government continues to correct those injustice by serving the people precisely as Locke envisioned. <br />
+<ref>Cahill, B. (2015). Where Women Marched—Parades, Meetings, and Other Activities. In Arkansas Women and the Right to Vote: The Little Rock Campaigns: 1868-1920 (pp. 93-99). Little Rock, Arkansas: Butler Center for Arkansas Studies. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt1ffjqhn.23</ref> This goes to show that the American government is there to serve the people, just as Locke pointed out in his ''Two Treatises Of Government'' discussed above. Furthermore, every person in America observed today are considered equal and free in the American society, regardless of their ethnicity, gender, or religion. This is because people in America possess the right to rebel when injustice occurs and the government, overall, continues to correct those injustice by serving the people precisely as Locke envisioned. <br />
 At the same time, the American government shows flaws. There have been instances in history where the government failed to serve its people. One such instance involves slavery. For years, African Americans were considered property. They were enslaved to their American owners and abused as the owners saw fit.
 <ref>Milburn, M., & Conrad, S. (2016). Denial, Slavery, and Racism in America. In Raised to Rage: The Politics of Anger and the Roots of Authoritarianism (pp. 145-166). Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: MIT Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt1f2qqt0.12</ref> The display of slavery was against Locke's philosophy on human liberty and also the American Constitution. Locke considered all humans to have the right of liberty, but African Americans were not given this right just because of their race.<ref>Milburn, M., & Conrad, S. (2016). Denial, Slavery, and Racism in America. In Raised to Rage: The Politics of Anger and the Roots of Authoritarianism (pp. 145-166). Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: MIT Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt1f2qqt0.12</ref>

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 ==How Is Locke's Political Philosophy Seen In America Today==
 <br>
-Locke's political views are still valid today. Every person observed in America has their freedom because of the American government. The government itself has stood the test of time where it has successfully served the people to this day. This can be observed throughout history where the government corrected occasions of unjust treatments according to the demands of the people. One such occasion was the movement to allow women to vote. Locke pointed out that every human had the right to life, liberty, and property, also seen in the American Constitution as described above. However, women, despite being human, had their liberty threatened during the early periods of America. Their societal freedom was restricted just because of their gender. The women found this to be unjust and rebelled with protest. The government responded to their protest by assessing their situation and corrected their injustice by giving women equality in societies through the creations of laws, especially regarding the right to vote.
+Locke's political views are still valid today. Every person observed in America has their freedom because of the American government. The government itself has stood the test of time where it has successfully served the people to this day. This can be observed throughout history where the government corrected occasions of unjust treatments according to the demands of the people. One such occasion was the movement to allow women to vote. Locke pointed out that every human had the right to life, liberty, and property, also seen in the American Constitution as described above. However, women, despite being human, had their liberty threatened during the early periods of America. Their societal freedom was restricted just because of their gender. The women found this to be unjust and rebelled with protest. The government responded to their protest by assessing their situation and corrected their injustice by giving women equality in societies through the creation of laws, especially regarding the right to vote.
-<ref>Cahill, B. (2015). Where Women Marched—Parades, Meetings, and Other Activities. In Arkansas Women and the Right to Vote: The Little Rock Campaigns: 1868-1920 (pp. 93-99). Little Rock, Arkansas: Butler Center for Arkansas Studies. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt1ffjqhn.23</ref> This goes to show that the American government is there to serve the people just as Locke pointed out in his ''Two Treatises Of Government'' discussed above. Furthermore, every person in America observed today are considered equal and free in the American society, regardless of their ethnicity, gender, or religion. This is because people in America possess the right to rebel when injustice occurs and the government continues to correct those injustice by serving the people precisely as Locke envisioned. <br />
+<ref>Cahill, B. (2015). Where Women Marched—Parades, Meetings, and Other Activities. In Arkansas Women and the Right to Vote: The Little Rock Campaigns: 1868-1920 (pp. 93-99). Little Rock, Arkansas: Butler Center for Arkansas Studies. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt1ffjqhn.23</ref> This goes to show that the American government is there to serve the people, just as Locke pointed out in his ''Two Treatises Of Government'' discussed above. Furthermore, every person in America observed today are considered equal and free in the American society, regardless of their ethnicity, gender, or religion. This is because people in America possess the right to rebel when injustice occurs and the government continues to correct those injustice by serving the people precisely as Locke envisioned. <br />
 At the same time, the American government shows flaws. There have been instances in history where the government failed to serve its people. One such instance involves slavery. For years, African Americans were considered property. They were enslaved to their American owners and abused as the owners saw fit.
 <ref>Milburn, M., & Conrad, S. (2016). Denial, Slavery, and Racism in America. In Raised to Rage: The Politics of Anger and the Roots of Authoritarianism (pp. 145-166). Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: MIT Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt1f2qqt0.12</ref> The display of slavery was against Locke's philosophy on human liberty and also the American Constitution. Locke considered all humans to have the right of liberty, but African Americans were not given this right just because of their race.<ref>Milburn, M., & Conrad, S. (2016). Denial, Slavery, and Racism in America. In Raised to Rage: The Politics of Anger and the Roots of Authoritarianism (pp. 145-166). Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: MIT Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt1f2qqt0.12</ref>

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 ==How Is Locke's Political Philosophy Seen In America Today==
 <br>
-Locke's political views are still valid today. Every person observed in America has their freedom because of the American government. The government itself has stood the test of time where it has successfully served the people to this day. This can be observed throughout history where the government corrected occasions of unjust treatments according to the demands of the people. One such occasion was the movement to allow women to vote. Locke pointed out that every human had the right to life, liberty, and property, also seen in the American Constitution, as described above. However, women, despite being human, had their liberty threatened during the early periods of America. Their societal freedom was restricted just because of their gender. The women found this to be unjust and rebelled with protest. The government responded to their protest by assessing their situation and corrected their injustice by giving women equality in societies through the creations of laws, especially regarding the right to vote.
+Locke's political views are still valid today. Every person observed in America has their freedom because of the American government. The government itself has stood the test of time where it has successfully served the people to this day. This can be observed throughout history where the government corrected occasions of unjust treatments according to the demands of the people. One such occasion was the movement to allow women to vote. Locke pointed out that every human had the right to life, liberty, and property, also seen in the American Constitution as described above. However, women, despite being human, had their liberty threatened during the early periods of America. Their societal freedom was restricted just because of their gender. The women found this to be unjust and rebelled with protest. The government responded to their protest by assessing their situation and corrected their injustice by giving women equality in societies through the creations of laws, especially regarding the right to vote.
 <ref>Cahill, B. (2015). Where Women Marched—Parades, Meetings, and Other Activities. In Arkansas Women and the Right to Vote: The Little Rock Campaigns: 1868-1920 (pp. 93-99). Little Rock, Arkansas: Butler Center for Arkansas Studies. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt1ffjqhn.23</ref> This goes to show that the American government is there to serve the people just as Locke pointed out in his ''Two Treatises Of Government'' discussed above. Furthermore, every person in America observed today are considered equal and free in the American society, regardless of their ethnicity, gender, or religion. This is because people in America possess the right to rebel when injustice occurs and the government continues to correct those injustice by serving the people precisely as Locke envisioned. <br />
 At the same time, the American government shows flaws. There have been instances in history where the government failed to serve its people. One such instance involves slavery. For years, African Americans were considered property. They were enslaved to their American owners and abused as the owners saw fit.

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 At the same time, the American government shows flaws. There have been instances in history where the government failed to serve its people. One such instance involves slavery. For years, African Americans were considered property. They were enslaved to their American owners and abused as the owners saw fit.
 <ref>Milburn, M., & Conrad, S. (2016). Denial, Slavery, and Racism in America. In Raised to Rage: The Politics of Anger and the Roots of Authoritarianism (pp. 145-166). Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: MIT Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt1f2qqt0.12</ref> The display of slavery was against Locke's philosophy on human liberty and also the American Constitution. Locke considered all humans to have the right of liberty, but African Americans were not given this right just because of their race.<ref>Milburn, M., & Conrad, S. (2016). Denial, Slavery, and Racism in America. In Raised to Rage: The Politics of Anger and the Roots of Authoritarianism (pp. 145-166). Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: MIT Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt1f2qqt0.12</ref>
-According to Locke and the American Constitution, the government was required to step in and correct this injustice by freeing the slaves. This, however, did not happen, even when the slaves called for justice by showing resistance. Instead, the government created laws to protect slavery, considering slaves to be property, where it neglected its duties to the people under its jurisdiction all because the slaves were of different race. This injustice was partially corrected by abolishing slavery after years of African Americans suffering.<ref>Milburn, M., & Conrad, S. (2016). Denial, Slavery, and Racism in America. In Raised to Rage: The Politics of Anger and the Roots of Authoritarianism (pp. 145-166). Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: MIT Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt1f2qqt0.12</ref>
+According to Locke and the American Constitution, the government was required to step in and correct this injustice by freeing the slaves. This, however, did not happen, even when the slaves called for justice by showing resistance. Instead, the government created laws to protect slavery, considering slaves to be property, where it neglected its duties to the people under its jurisdiction all because the slaves were of different race. This injustice was partially corrected by abolishing slavery after years of African Americans suffering.<ref>Milburn, M., & Conrad, S. (2016). Denial, Slavery, and Racism in America. In Raised to Rage: The Politics of Anger and the Roots of Authoritarianism (pp. 145-166). Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: MIT Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt1f2qqt0.12</ref><br />
 Even after slavery was abolished, African Americans still weren't granted their full liberty in American society. There were numerous laws put in place by the American government that still restricted their liberty in American society. These laws caused the African Americans to be segregated, where they continued to see oppression in various parts of American society. African Americans protested for liberty and equality but the government refused to serve them. Instead, they opposed their resistance for many years, causing them injustice by doing so. This exemplifies a situation where the American government shows flaws.
 <ref>McCright, A. (2002). American Journal of Sociology, 107(3), 679-716. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/376269</ref> Locke defined a government to serve its people in protecting their rights, but American government failed its duties to the people in the example above. Segregation was abolished after many years of injustice faced by African Americans, where they finally legally received their liberty and equality in American society. This, however, happened after many years of African Americans suffering, where they were denied assistance by the government.

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 This milestone covered John Locke's political philosophy outlined in ''Two Treatises Of Government''. In his philosophy, Locke determined that the government was for the benefit of the people and as such, he proposed a branched form of government to achieve this. Locke built this political philosophy by understanding the origins of political authority and how it emerged from the state of nature. According to Locke, humans joined societies to protect their property and prevent resorting to the state of war to resolve conflicts. However, early forms of government were monarchy that became tyrannical over time. The kings became abusive of their power forcing their own will on their people causing misery. This was clearly not the reason Locke believed humans joined societies which were ruled by common form of government. As such, Locke proposed the right of rebellion where people were obligated to oppose unjust rule. He also proposed the branched form of government that would prevent tyranny from taking hold of the ruling government. <br />
-American colonists then used Locke’s political philosophy to justify the American Revolution. It was also used to create the American government after winning the revolution where it continued to serve the American people to this day.
+American colonists then used Locke’s political philosophy to justify the American Revolution. It was also used to create the American government after winning the revolution where it continued to serve the American people to this day. Further research can be done on this topic to better understand how Locke's philosophy influenced the American history an the modern society
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 <ref> SMITH, S. (2012). Locke and the Art of Constitutional Government. In Political Philosophy pp. 167-168. New Haven; London: Yale University Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt32bv21.13 </ref><br />
-Property is a key subject Locke brings up in Chapter V of the Second Treatise. In this chapter, he links the humans behavior of acquiring property to the state of war when humans are living in the state of nature. Locke begins this chapter by first stating that the Earth is considered the property of all the people where the people can use it for their collective survival and benefit. Locke writes, "God gave the World to Men in Common, but he gave it to them for their benefits, and the greatest Conveniences of Life they were capable to draw form it."  Locke then considers the concept of individual property where individuals take possession of the things around them when in the state of nature. He says, "Human nature is very much that of man as the property-acquiring animal in the state of nature." In other words, Locke is suggesting that humans tend to take possessions of things around them and call them their property. This, however, brings up the question of ownership. Locke defines ownership as labor performed by a person. He writes, "Every man has a ''Property'' in his ''Person.'' This body has any Right to but himself. The ''Labour'' of his Body and the ''Work'' of his Hands, we may say, are properly his...For this ''Labour'' being the unquestionable Property of the Laborer." In other words, Locke says that a person owns his own body and all the labor performed by that body. Labor then leads to the ownership of property that the labor relates to. Now, when another person adds his own physical labor, which is his own property, to a foreign object or material, then that object and any resulting products also become his property. But in a state of nature, there are no common law to determine who owns what part of an object or fruits of collective labor since each person has his own idea of possession. This ultimately leads to the state of war over the conflict of possession where the resolution ends in violence and dominance of the fittest.
+Property is a key subject Locke brings up in Chapter V of the Second Treatise. In this chapter, he links the human's behavior of acquiring property to the state of war when humans are living in the state of nature. Locke begins this chapter by first stating that the Earth is considered the property of all the people where the people can use it for their collective survival and benefit. Locke writes, "God gave the World to Men in Common, but he gave it to them for their benefits, and the greatest Conveniences of Life they were capable to draw form it."  Locke then considers the concept of individual property where individuals take possession of the things around them when in the state of nature. He says, "Human nature is very much that of man as the property-acquiring animal in the state of nature." In other words, Locke is suggesting that humans tend to take possessions of things around them and call them their property. This, however, brings up the question of ownership. Locke defines ownership as labor performed by a person. He writes, "Every man has a ''Property'' in his ''Person.'' This body has any Right to but himself. The ''Labour'' of his Body and the ''Work'' of his Hands, we may say, are properly his...For this ''Labour'' being the unquestionable Property of the Laborer." In other words, Locke says that a person owns his own body and all the labor performed by that body. Labor then leads to the ownership of property that the labor relates to. Now, when another person adds his own physical labor, which is his own property, to a foreign object or material, then that object and any resulting products also become his property. But in a state of nature, there are no common law to determine who owns what part of an object or fruits of collective labor since each person has his own idea of possession. This ultimately leads to the state of war over the conflict of possession where the resolution ends in violence and dominance of the fittest.
 <ref> Locke, J. (1988). Locke: Two Treatises of Government Student Edition (P. Peter Laslett, Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press., pp. 101-103 </ref>
 <ref> SMITH, S. (2012). Locke and the Art of Constitutional Government. In Political Philosophy pp. 169-172. New Haven; London: Yale University Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/j.ctt32bv21.13 </ref>