London: Past v. Present

London: Past v. Present

by Trinity Tedtsen

Title of this Milestone

Your Project Page Picture Caption

Abstract

The paragraph should give a three to five sentence abstract about your entire London HUA experience including 1) a summary of the aims of your project, 2) your prior experience with humanities and arts courses and disciplines, and 3) your major takeaways from the experience. This can and should be very similar to the paragraph you use to summarize this milestone on your Profile Page. It should contain your main Objective, so be sure to clearly state a one-sentence statement that summarizes your main objective for this milestone such as "a comparison of the text of Medieval English choral music to that of the Baroque" or it may be a question such as "to what extent did religion influence Christopher Wren's sense of design?"

Introduction

I suggest you save this section for last. Describe the essence of this project. Cover what the project is and who cares in the first two sentences. Then cover what others have done like it, how your project is different. Discuss the extent to which your strategy for completing this project was new to you, or an extension of previous HUA experiences.

As you continue to think about your project milestones, reread the "Goals" narrative on defining project milestones from the HU2900 syllabus. Remember: the idea is to have equip your milestone with a really solid background and then some sort of "thing that you do". You'll need to add in some narrative to describe why you did the "thing that you did", which you'd probably want to do anyway. You can make it easy for your advisors to give you a high grade by ensuring that your project milestone work reflects careful, considerate, and comprehensive thought and effort in terms of your background review, and insightful, cumulative, and methodical approaches toward the creative components of your project milestone deliverables.

Background

Now you're on your own! Your milestone must include a thorough and detailed background section with detailed subsections; if additional articles are required to be referenced in this background section, create those as well and link to them (the creation of all pages is tracked by the wiki site and attributed to your username). Remember to use rich multimedia whenever possible. Consult the Help page as needed! Remember, if you don't see an article on this site that is an integral part of your project, create it! Your entire page-creating/page-editing history factors into your overall grade.

Tower Bridge

Tower Bridge was built to help handle the massive amounts of both vehicular and pedestrian traffic crossing London Bridge each day. Between 1874 and 1885 about thirty public bodies petitioned the authorities to either widen London Bridge or build a new one altogether. Many proposals were considered by an appointed committee, these include low bridges with swing openings for ships, high bridges with inclined roadways approaching the river, and railways or ferry boats to transport goods around the bridge. These proposals were all rejected. In 1878 Horace Jones, the City Architect at the time, proposed a low-level bascule type bridge. This type of bridge had been successfully completed prior to Tower Bridge, but on much smaller scales. Jones's proposal was accepted and the structure is still standing today.

Building the Bridge

In 1885, an Act of Parliament allowing the Corporation of the City of London to build the bridge was passed. John Wolfe Barry was dubbed engineer and Jones was appointed architect, but died later that year. Eight contractors divided the work of actually constructing the bridge. John Jackson was responsible for the piers and abutments, William Arrol the steel superstructure, W. G. Armstong and Mitchell and CO, Ltd, for the hydraulic machinery, and Perry and Company for the masonry superstructure. The building officially began in April 1886 and was set to be completed by 1889, however, due to complications the timeline was extended by Parliament twice and the bridge opened on June 30, 1894, costing about £1,000,000 sterling.
The Tower Bridge Act laid down some guidelines the bridge must follow during and after construction. Among these guidelines was a rule that a 160-foot wide clear waterway must always be available during construction. This prevented both piers from being built at the same time as it would occupy too much river space. Workers adopted a method of using a series of small caissons covering the area of the pier to be able to work on the shore side of one pier while building the other. Had this rule not been in effect, thirteen to fourteen months of construction time could have been saved.
Tower Bridge is often mistaken for a stone bridge because of the mason work covering the stone infrastructure. The steel is faced with masonry to harmonize with the general style of the Tower of London because authorities stated the design of the bridge must blend in with its surroundings. The materials used for construction are as follows; 235,000 cubic feet of Cornish granite and Portland stone, 20,000 tons of cement, 70,000 cubic yards of concrete, 31,000,000 bricks, and 14,000 tons iron and steel.
The source of power for opening and closing the bridge is a building on the east side of the southern approach where two large water accumulators are capable of supplying a pressure from 700 to 800 psi. The engines are duplicated on either pier to provide backup power in the case of a breakdown. The operations of opening and closing the bridge are also safeguarded. When the leaves of the two sides of the bridge are brought together, bolts carried on one leaf are locked by hydraulic power into sockets on the other leaf. If anything were to go awry with the opening and closing mechanism, the leaves would be brought gently to rest in either the vertical of the horizontal position.

Subsection 2

...and so on and so forth...

Section 2: Deliverable

Additional Image

In this section, provide your contribution, creative element, assessment, or observation with regard to your background research. This could be a new derivative work based on previous research, or some parallel to other events. In this section, describe the relationship between your background review and your deliverable; make the connection between the two clear.

Subsection 1

...use as many subsections or main sections as you need to support the claims for why what you did related to your Background section...

Subsection 2

...and so on and so forth...

Gallery

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  Caption 1

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  Caption 2

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  Caption 3

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  Caption 4

Conclusion

In this section, provide a summary or recap of your work, as well as potential areas of further inquiry (for yourself, future students, or other researchers).

References

Add a references section; consult the Help page for details about inserting citations in this page.

Attribution of Work

For milestones completed collaboratively, add a section here detailing the division of labor and work completed as part of this milestone. All collaborators may link to this single milestone article instead of creating duplicate pages. This section is not necessary for milestones completed by a single individual.

External Links

If appropriate, add an external links section

Image Gallery

If appropriate, add an image gallery

Category tags

Don't forget to add category tags!!! Your Milestone Pages MUST contain one "Project" Category tags like this:

[[Category:Art Projects]]
[[Category:Music Projects]]
[[Category:Philosophy & Religion Projects]]
[[Category:Drama & Theater Projects]]
[[Category:Writing & Rhetoric Projects]]
[[Category:History Projects]]
[[Category:English Projects]]

...and NO OTHER TAGS except for the year the project was completed by you, like this:

[[Category:2017]]

See the Category Help page for assistance. Don't include irrelevant category tags in your Milestone page (like the Template category!)

Delete this entire "Category section" when editing this page--Categories don't need a heading.