St. Paul's Cathedral

St. Paul's Cathedral

St. Paul's Cathedral

St.Paul's.jpg Western View of St. Paul's
Architect	Christopher Wren
Year	c. 1675
Location	St. Paul's Cathedral, London
Photo Credit	St. Paul's

Overview

St. Paul's Cathedral, which stands in central London, is the cathedral of the Anglican bishop. It is the most recent in a line of cathedrals to have been built on Ludgate Hill and dedicated to St. Paul. Throughout history, it has also been known as the Nation's Church.

Background

St. Paul's Cathedral was built between 1675 and 1710, following the destruction of the previous cathedral in the Great Fire of London in 1666. St. Paul's design is a combination of Neoclassical, Gothic, and Baroque elements, making it unique amongst the Great Cathedrals. Another feature that distinguishes St. Paul's from other cathedrals is its dome,which an unusual structural element to find on an Anglican church. The cathedral is generally partitioned into three sections; The main floor, the crypt, and the dome galleries.

Architecture of St Paul's Cathedral

St. Paul's Cathedral was designed by Christopher Wren to replace the old Medieval style cathedral that burn down in the fire of London in 1666. Christopher Wren decided to go with English Baroque style, making St. Paul's the first non-medieval styled church on London. This caused tension from Londoners that the church looked too Catholic, and the original design was rejected. The Cathedral's main floor is divided into five sections; the Nave, the Dome, the North and South Transepts, and the Quire.

The Nave is the longest section of the Cathedral. From above, a crossed is formed relating to the cross where Jesus was crucified and died. At the far end is the most sacried place, the high alter, which faces the sun so everyday the sun rises and symbolizes the birth of a rebirth.

The North and South Transepts were originally meant to be longer. That design got rejected and they were made shorter in order to make the building appear like a cross from the outside.

the Quire houses the organ and a monument for those who died in World War I. along with the Bishops
The Cathedral also has a Crypt, and access to all of the levels in the dome.

Baroque Style

The Dome

The dome, like in most churches was designed to draw the eyes upwards and towards the heavens. The purpose of the dome is to be the central heart of the Cathedral. St. Paul's is the only English Cathedral with a dome. Underneath the main dome there are 8 high arches and four quarter domes. The quarter domes have mosaics that show the death and resurrection of Jesus. One interesting twist the artist took was in how he showed the scene of Jesus' death. He has Jesus on the cross, but coming from behind him is the tree of life. The mosaics were done by William Blake Richmond. The exterior height of the dome, including the stone lantern is 111 meters high. However, Christopher Wren used the empirical measurements which gives it a height of 365 feet, one foot for each day of the year. Wren wanted to make the dome look large form the outside but not out of proportion on the inside. In order to do this he had to use visual tricks. The dome had three components to it, the inner dome, the structural cone, and the outer dome. When you look up you notice everything slopes inwards, this allows the inside of the dome to not feel out of proportion. When Wren places the stone lantern on top, it will put pressure on the dome structure pushing it outwards. In order to solve this problem, Wren places large iron chains, to support the heavy weight up top.

Stone Gallery

The Stone Gallery is the second highest gallery in the cathedral, above the Whispering Gallery and below the Golden Gallery. It is 53 meters from the Cathedral Floor and about 376 steps. Currently closed.

Golden Gallery

Golden gallery is the top of the Dome, and is 85 meters from the Cathedral Floor, about 528 pages. It is a great gallery to capture the views of the surrounding landscape including The Barbican, The Gherkin, The Lloyds Building, The Shard and Waterloo Bridge. Currently closed.

The Crypt

The Crypt constitutes the bottom floor of St. Paul's Cathedral. It holds many different tombs, Oculus, memorials, and The Chapel of St. Faith's. One section of the tombs is referred to as the Artist's Corner. Here lies the tomb of Sir Edwin Henry Landseer, Sir Joshua Reynolds, William Holman Hunt, JMW Turner and John Everett Millais. Landseer was buried here due to his famous sculptures, most notably the lions in Trafalgar Square. Reynolds not only is buried here, but has a statue in honor of him which is under the dome. Hunt painted the Light of the World which is on display upstairs. Turner, most notably known for his England landscapes and capturing how light works, requested to be buried near Sir Reynolds who he admired. Millais, founder of Preflight Brotherhood, focused his artwork on returning back to detail in complexity and intensity in medieval art.

Sculpture=

Mother and Child
by Henry Moore

• 

  Mother and Child
  by Henry Moore

References

If appropriate, add a references section

External Links

If appropriate, add an external links section

Image Gallery

If appropriate, add an image gallery