Comparing Norman and Victorian Architecture and Lifestyle

Comparing Norman and Victorian Architecture and Lifestyle

by Dakota Payette

Comparing Norman and Victorian Architecture and Lifestyle

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Abstract

England's history is very long and rich throughout the years. Many settlers have come and gone, but their impact can be see in the land all these years later. My goal for this project is to highlight the architecture in two different time periods and compare how it influenced the lifestyle of the inhabitants. During the Norman period, the lives of the inhabitants revolved around the Church and the King. Subjects were either knights, peasant farmers, or members of royalty and the clergy. Jumping ahead to the 19th century during the reign of Queen Victoria, the architecture and design of the house average citizens lived in determined their social status. I've taken three different history classes at WPI so far, with one involving the history of the British Empire from the American Revolution to Brexit. The major takeaways from this milestone are trying to find examples of Victorian style architecture and how it influenced the lives of the people living in those homes.

Introduction

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As you continue to think about your project milestones, reread the "Goals" narrative on defining project milestones from the HU2900 syllabus. Remember: the idea is to have equip your milestone with a really solid background and then some sort of "thing that you do". You'll need to add in some narrative to describe why you did the "thing that you did", which you'd probably want to do anyway. You can make it easy for your advisors to give you a high grade by ensuring that your project milestone work reflects careful, considerate, and comprehensive thought and effort in terms of your background review, and insightful, cumulative, and methodical approaches toward the creative components of your project milestone deliverables.

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Remember, as you move toward your creative deliverable, you're going to want/need a solid background that supports your case, so you want it to paint a clear and thorough picture of what's going on, so that you can easily dissect your creative component and say "This thing I did is rooted in this aspect of my background research".

Section 1: Architecture and Lifestyle in the Norman Era

Medieval England was a cruel time for mostly anyone but members of royalty and of the clergy. Sometimes, members of royalty had tough times, like King John in the early 1200s. John had to live up to the shadow of his older brother, King Richard, and he also had to stop the barons in the north from rebelling against the crown. King John's downfall was his allegiance to the Church. He went behind the back of Pope Innocent III, a move that many Englishmen didn't see coming, so the pope excommunicated King John. (citation needed for this).
The Pope had a huge influence in not only England, but all over Europe. Different denominations of Christianity dominated medieval European countries, and England was no exception to this. Many cathedrals were built as soon as William the Conqueror had complete control of the land after his invasion in 1066. The cathedrals were built using Norman and Gothic styles of architecture, such as high vaulting ceilings and tall arches. These cathedrals were not built over night, however, but rather over many decades. By the time they were finished, William was no longer king, but he had a lasting impact on the architecture of many of them.
Three individual cathedrals are what will be highlighted in this project: Peterborough, Ely, and Winchester Cathedrals.

The Norman Invasion in England brought many changes to the region, and one of the reforms that William the Conqueror brought with was religion. Religion was already a staple in the English countryside, but William made it completely unified under Christianity. It was good for the people of the newly conquered region to have a unified religion. They could start work on huge cathedrals throughout the land and improve the houses of worship that were already on the ground. Many cathedrals started going up around the countryside near the city of London, all distinctly built during the time of William and his children's reigns.
Peterborough, Ely, and Winchester Cathedrals were all built between the 11th and 12th century using styles of Norman architecture. The history of each cathedral predates the Norman conquest, but were updated to fit the needs of the Normans. With Peterborough Cathedral, the first abbey was founded all the way back in 655, but was destroyed by a Viking invasion in 870. The abbey was left in complete ruins for about 100 years before work began in late 970. By this time, materials had improved from the first building in 655. It took many years to complete the abbey, but work was soon completed. Devastation burned through the abbey when fire broke out in 1116.
This was devastating news to Henry I, the now King of England. He ordered the abbey to be rebuilt immediately, and in 1118, work began t rebuild it. This was the latest of the three cathedrals to began work with Norman influences behind them. Ely had begun in 1083 and Winchester in 1079, both with Norman influences in their architecture. All three cathedrals share similar characteristics with being built right after the Norman Conquest of England, but they also shared quite a few differences between them.

Differences Between the Three Cathedrals

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Section 2: Architecture and Lifestyle in the Victoria Era

Additional Image

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Subsection 1

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Subsection 2

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Gallery

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Conclusion

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References

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