The National Gallery
From Londonhua WIKI
 National Gallery, Trafalgar Square | |
| Established | 1824; 193 years ago |
|---|---|
| Location | Trafalgar Square, London, WC2, United Kingdom |
| Director | Gabriele Finaldi |
| Website | www.nationalgallery.org.uk |
Overview
The National Gallery is located in Central London and contains over 2,300 paintings that are free to view by the public. The overall gallery is split into four main sections each consisting paintings within a certain period from early 12th century to early 19th century. Most of the pre 16th century paintings portrayed Greek mythology or the divinity of religion such as birth and death of Christ. Painting from late 14th to early 17th century transitioned from portraying mythical and religious senses to portraying objects in detail, landscapes, daily lives of common people and portraits of wealthy citizens. Some notable artists displayed in the gallery are Leonardo da Vinci, Van Gogh, and Michelangelo.
Contents
Background and Origin
The National Collection started when the House of Commons bought the picture collection of John Julius Angerstein for £57,000. His collection contained 38 pictures and were kept at his house, 100 Pall Mall. In 1831 Parliment agreed to build a the National Gallery at Trafalgar Square as it was considered to be the very center of London. The building was completed in 1838. Over the years the Gallery has expanded and now spans 46,396 meters squared.
Painters and Works
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci was a master painter, sculptor, architect, designer, theorist, engineer and scientist that created some of the most famous and respected pieces of art in the world. He has been named the "father of paleontology", the "father of ichonology", the "father of architecture", and one of the greatest painters of all time. As one of the greatest painters of all time, the National Gallery in London was lucky enough to acquire one of his paintings along with a mostly finished drawing.
The drawing located at the gallery is The Virgin and Child with St Anne and St John the Baptist. This drawing is deeply intriguing because it was most likely a preparatory drawing for an upcoming at painting when it was first created. The reason this is so interesting is that it looks and seems almost completely finished as a charcoal drawing on a tinted canvas yet it still has some completely unfinished parts to it. This confusion lead Bernardino Luini to create the Holy Family with St Anne and the infant John the Baptist, a painted replica of the drawing from Leonardo da Vinci
The painting located at the National Gallery is one of two versions and is named the "Virgin on the Rocks". The other version of this painting is located at the Louvre. The Virgin of the Rocks in the Louvre is considered to be the older version dating from around 1483–1486 while the Virgin of the Rocks in the National Gallery is still ascribed to Leonardo da Vinci, but dates to before 1508. Originally, many thought that this painting was partially done by one of his assistants, further study from the gallery has determined that da Vinci did the greater portion of the work. Unfortunately, this is still highly under debate. The reason that there are two different versions is most likely because da Vinci created it to for a commission in Milan and sold the Louvre version privately. The London version was then created to fill the commission and given to the chapel of the Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception, a church in Milan.
In 2005, the London painting was examined more closely by the National Gallery, using infrared and x-ray technology. This examination revealed that this painting was actually covering one of a different design. The original design pictured a woman on her knees with one hand outstretched and another on her heart and was most likely for the adoration of the infant Jesus.
In 2009 and 2010, the painting was cleaned and had some conservative work. During this time, the gallery determined that da Vinci had done most, if not all, of the work on the painting as seen today in the National Gallery.
Add links to other articles, but do not link to personal student profile pages or milestone pages. Add media as needed in the appropriate sections.
Guido Cagnacci & the Repentant Magdalene
Now on display in the National Gallery until the end of May is a great historical piece of art by Guido Cagnacci, an Italian painter in the 1600s. Cagnacci is not as widely known as da Vinci for example, but his work the Repentant Magdalene is considered priceless. This display at the Gallery is also the first time that a Cagnacci has been displayed in a public collection in the United Kingdom. Portraying Magdalene asking for forgiveness from her ways, the painting also shows the angel Virtue beating Vice, the devil. This painting is one of the only ones that shows Mary Magdalene as a sinner, crawling back for forgiveness, and is a turn away from Cagnacci's usual paintings of half dressed and seductive paintings. X-ray examination of the art has reviled two changes, notable to the servants and the Vice. An original servant was painted over, creating a more intimate environment with less of a crowd. The second change that Cagnacci had made was to change the Vice from standing at the feet of Mary Magdalene, to jumping in the air, giving it a more evil spirit look overall.
Giovanni Antonio Canal
Giovanni Antonio Canal, also known as Canaletto, lived from 1697-1768. He was an Italian painter who loved to paint Venetian landscapes of the city and the canals. Many of his more famous works are on display at The National Gallery in one room. The English people at the time loved traveling and exploring Venice, so Canaletto decided to bring Venice to them through his paintings. One painting, Eton College, was painted around 1754. It is a painting of Eton College seen from the east across the River Thames. Canaletto traveled to England between 1746 and 1756, and during that time he painted many paintings for the English people. He wanted to give them a gift of a painting of something in their homeland. One of his most famous paintings, Venice: The Basin of San Marco on Ascension Day, 1740, depicts an annual ceremony that symbolized the joining of Venice to the Adriatic Sea. The Doge would leave his palace on top of a golden state barge so he could travel out to where the city and the Adriatic meet and throw a golden ring into the Adriatic. Canaletto was a famous oil painter of his time and is remembered through both Italian and English history as a figure who combined the two cultures, showing one how the other lived.
Rembrandt van Rijn
The greatest visual artist to have ever lived is currently on display at the National Gallery. Born in 1606, Rembrandt is also considered the most important painter in dutch history, What makes Rembrandt unique is he did not have a particular style or scene. His works ranged from landscapes, to portraits (Portrait of Jacob Trip), to historical scenes (The Night Watch), to religious scenes, to science and anatomy (The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp), etc. His pieces often explored his close surroundings and the depths of human emotion. Since he rarely, if ever, traveled beyond the dutch border, he got most of his inspirations domestically. He is most well known for his narrative style. HIs biblical paintings have allow the audience to feel certain emotions while depicting a scene in uncanny detail. He is also known for painting Amsterdam's Jewish population. His contributions to the art world came at the perfect time, the Dutch Golden Age. This period had excess wealth and cultural achievements. His style was innovative in the way that he directly opposed the main style at the time, Baroque.
Raphael
Raphael Sanzio da Urbino, widely known as just Raphael, was an Italian painter, and later architect, who lived at the end of the of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th century. His is considered to be part of the three great masters of this period along with Michelangelo and Leonardo Da Vinci, who also have paintings displayed in the Gallery. Many of Raphael's paintings depict religious scenes such as his painting of Jesus being put to death on the cross, titled The Mond Crucifixion. He has many famous paintings featured in the National Gallery including his piece titled The Ansidei Madonna. This piece was painted as an alter piece for the chapel of the Ansidei family in Perugia. Raphael used geometrical planning to obtain the result in "harmonious thirds". Another famous painting by Raphael was his piece titled Saint Catherine of Alexandria. This painting shows Saint Catherine leaning against the wheel where she was supposed to be condemned to die, but the wheel miraculously broke. After his death in 1520 his paintings gained a lot of popularity in the 18th and 19th century.
Diego Velasquez
Diego Velasquez was an extremely important painter of the Spanish Golden age. He completed many portraits and was the head painter in the court of King Phillip IV. Some of his pieces were replicated and recreated by other famous painters later on including Salvador Dalí and Pablo Picasso. His portrait of Archbishop Fernando de Valdés in on display at the National Gallery. However the piece shown at the National Gallery is not the complete portrait, it is only a fragment and another fragment of the portrait is located at the Spanish Royal Collection. Velasquez's painting The immaculate Conception can also be seen at the museum. This painting shows The Virgin Mary standing on the moon with a circular crown of stars above her head and signifies that she is the immaculate conception, and therefore was conceived without original sin. Overall Velasquez's paintings had and still have a significant cultural and historical influence.
Claude Monet
Emily will be writing this
The National Gallery in Media
The National Gallery is one of the most iconic building in London as it is located in the famous Trafalgar Square. Because of its importance the National Gallery can be seen in many television shows and movies. One example is in the popular British television show Doctor Who, where the 50th anniversary special opens in the National Gallery. The National Gallery has also been use as a meeting point for James Bond in the film Skyfall.
James Bond at the National Gallery
- DoctorGallery.jpg
Clara and The Doctor at The National Gallery
Hidden Art
The purpose of visiting an art gallery is to view all the pieces that they have on display but what about the art that is hidden in plain sight. Most spend so much time looking at the paintings hanging on the walls that the beauty of the surrounding area is missed. In 1831 the National Gallery was constructed at Trafalgar Square comprising of just six rooms with the remaining space used by the Royal Academy of Arts. 31 years laters the Royal Academy moved into it's own building opening up more space for the Gallery. From then on there have been 4 more extensions to the building. This building now has several beautifully designed rooms that can be found on the upper levels. Many of the entrance ways are elaborate pieces of art with corinthian columns surrounding doors and gold plated reliefs just above. The ceilings also can be admired with their many carvings and large windows bringing in much natural light. The floors are also worth a look between the mosaics by the main entrance, the patterned metal air grates, and the different designs made from the hard wood floor.
Header Template
Organize each section of this article so that it has a logical flow. If you intend to discuss one aspect of the origin of a person, place, thing, or idea, identify the appropriate existing section of the article, or create that section if it doesn't exist. Then, make a clear subheading. If you notice that some other information is not organized clearly, rearrange the information, but do so cautiously and responsibly! The goal here is clarity for the reader.
Add links to other articles, but do not link to personal student profile pages or milestone pages. Add media as needed in the appropriate sections.
Articlepicture.jpg|x350px|right|thumb|frame|Representative Image]]
References
- National Gallery History retrieved from www.nationalgallery.org.uk
- Rembrandt. (n.d.). Retrieved May 10, 2017, from https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/rembrandt
External Links
Image Gallery
If appropriate, add an image gallery