Keeping Medieval Martial Art Alive in a Modern Society
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Keeping Medieval Martial Art Alive in a Modern Society
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Contents
Abstract
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Introduction
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Section 1: Background
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HEMA
HEMA stands for Historical European Martial Arts, it refers to European martial arts the have been formerly practices, but have either died out or evolved into different forms. There are different HEMA groups such as Historical European Martial Arts Coalition (HEMAC) or Historical European Martial Arts Alliance (HEMAA) that bring different people together to reconstruct historical martial arts from treaties or combat manuals that date from the Late Middle Ages to the Early Modern period. The HEMA community will them test their martial arts skills in different competitive environments as well as train the next generation of HEMA practitioners.
Fiore dei Liberi
Fiore dei Liberi was a master in the Bolognese school of fencing in northern Italy and is now the primary source used for 15th-century Italian fighting due to his four surviving treaties; 'Pisani-Dossi', 'Getty', 'Morgan', and Florius 'De Arts Luctandi'. Not much is know about Fiore except for what he wrote about himself in the prologues of his treaties. According the Getty prologue, Fiore was a noble whose estates were based in Premariacco, a small town in north-east Italy. At an early age Fiore began training and traveling to learn martial arts. In his treatises Fiore tells us that he traveled to different regions and studied under and then later taught many people. During his time as a teacher Fiore tells that he prepared gentlemen for duels, some of his students include Piero del Verde, Galeazzo da Mantova, Lancilotto Beccaria of Pavia, Giannino de Bavo of Milan and Azzone da Castelbarco. Fiore even tells that he himself had to fight five duels against other masters wearing only an arming jacket and gloves rather then armour. Not much is known about his death but his treaties serve as his legacy.
Glossary of Italian Fighting Terms
Abrazare - Unarmed Combat, combine both grappling and striking.
Azza - Axe; refers to Poll Axe.
Colpi - Blows, as in strikes.
Colpi Fendente - Downward blows. In Fiore's system these blows take the path from tooth to knee at an oblique angle.
Colpi Mezzani - Middle/horizontal blows. These are done with the True Edge leading from the right and the False Edge leading from the left.
Colpi Sottani - Upward blows. Normally done with the false edge, enabling a quick return with a fendente.
Coverta - Cover. An action that will cover that line of attack which will allow for the fighter to move to safety.
Daga - Dagger. The dagger used in Fiore's text is a rondel dagger which has no real edge but rather a point so it is best used to stab instead of cut.
Fendente - Downward blow.
Gioco Largo - Wide, loose play; done at a distance.
Gioco Stretto - Tight, narrow play. This is used to describe when a fight enters close range to grapple with their opponent or seize the opponent's weapon.
Guardia - A guard against an attack.
Lanza - Spear when on foot, but a lance when on a horse.
Ligadura Mezana - Middle Bind.
Ligadura Soprana - High Bind.
Ligadura Sottana - Under bind.
Mezza Volta - Half turn, refers to passing footwork.
Posta - A position that simultaneously defends from attacks and threatens attacks.
Prese - A hold, take or catch depending on the context.
Rebattere - Beat. The action of beating back an attack.
Spada - Sword.
Spada a Uno Mano - One handed sword.
Spada a due mani - Two handed sword.
Tagli - Cut or slice.
Tutta Volta - Full/Complete turn.
Volta Stabile - Footwork where the fighter turns on the balls of their feet to face the opposite direction.
Section 2: Deliverable
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Subsection 1
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Subsection 2
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Gallery
Conclusion
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References
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Attribution of Work
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External Links
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Image Gallery
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