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British Museum

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Revision as of 15:18, 10 May 2017 by 37.205.58.146 (talk) (Ancient Egypt)

British Museum

British Museum
OGBritish Museum.jpg
Main Entrance
Artist Attributed to Olivia Gibbs

Overview

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Background or Origin of Article


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Jewerly Through History


Ancient Egypt and Sudan

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Middle East

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Prehistory and Europe

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Prehistory and Europe

Organize each section of this article so that it has a logical flow. If you intend to discuss one aspect of the origin of a person, place, thing, or idea, identify the appropriate existing section of the article, or create that section if it doesn't exist. Then, make a clear subheading. If you notice that some other information is not organized clearly, rearrange the information, but do so cautiously and responsibly! The goal here is clarity for the reader.

Add links to other articles, but do not link to personal student profile pages or milestone pages. Add media as needed in the appropriate sections.

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Europe

Earthenware

Earthenware is a special type of pottery made from clay that is fired below 1200 degrees C. In the British Museum you can find tons of earthenware, especially in the Europe 1800-1900 galleries. Below are a few tiles and a cup, all designed by A.W.N Pugin around the 1850's and printed by Minton & Co. The tiles were made from dust clay, which created the smooth surface for printing. However due to limitations some colors were hard to add by printing, so they were added by hand.Printed tiles from medieval times have been found with only two colors, buff and red. However the designer Pugin wanted more options so Minton developed more colors which included blue, green, brown, and white.




Chess

The British Museum has on display a full chess game with each individual pawn during the Medieval Europe time period. Many are hand carved with details for powerful pawns. It was during this time, when chess was first created, to be played by knights to build strategy and skill. From playing they built up their tactic abilities which was seen as a positive achievement there for making chess one of seven knightly accomplishments. Clergy were not allowed to play because of the church's ruling on chess, but as time went on they soon loosened their ruling and they too could play. Men and women played chess which had become a way of flirty.

Africa

Ancient Egypt

Sculpture

The British Museum holds one of the largest, and most extensive, collection of Egyptian artifacts, many of which are statues. A significant portion of this collection is comprised of statues. The majority of the statues are made from stone, mainly granodorite and quartzite. The statues depict important figures from Egyptian history, including Ramesses II, Amenhotep III, as well as Gods. The museum also contains sarcophagi made of stone of various leaders. In the second floor gallery, mummies lying within their sarcophagus are on display; these sarcophagi are much more decorated, containing both paintings and carvings rather than just the carvings, then the stone ones below. One exhibit focuses on the Tomb-chapel of Nebamun which houses Nebamun, a wealthy accountant.

Sudan

Greek and Roman

Busts

Carved from marble, Greek and Roman busts depict the upper body of the human figure. Each bust is supported by a single pedestal, known as a plinth, that vary in design and scale. The Roman empire drew large influence from Greek religion, culture, and art. This can be clear seen in Roman imitation sculptures and art inspired by Greek myths and figures. As such, sculptures produced by both Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire share similar styles and components including sculpting materials, realistic imitation of the human form, and depiction of myths and mythical characters.

Nereid Monument

Nereid Monument

The Nereid Monument was built for Arbinas, a Xanthian dynast, and his family. Although it was built in south-west Turkey, its design was heavily influenced by the Greek mainland as can be seen. The design and sculpture is Greek, but what is portrayed is Lykian.

Parthenon

Dedicated to the goddess Athena, the Parthenon was a formal temple located on the Athenian Acropolis in Greece. It was built in 447 BC when the Athenian Empire was at its most powerful and completed in 438 BC with decorations continuing until 432 BC. Although called a temple, it was not used in the modern sense of the word. A large shrine was excavated from the site of Athena. This shrine and the temple were most likely used as a way to get close to Athena and to worship her, yet the temple never hosted the cult of Athena. The massive statue inside of the temple was sculpted by Phidias and was not related to any sort of cult. The statue wasn't even known to carry any religious weight to it, but rather, only as a shrine dedicated to Athena. The Parthenon also had incredibly detailed sculptures around the entirety of the Doric inspired temple. There are three layers to these sculptures: the metopes, friezes, and the pediments. The metopes were 92 (14 on each of the west and east sides, and 32 on earth of the north and south sides) smaller sculptures carved into the stone of the Parthenon that resembled battles between the Gods and giants and between the Athenians and Amazons along with battles of mythical creatures. Above those on the east and west sides are the pediments. The east side represents the brith of Athena from the head of her father, Zeus, while the west side depicts the competition between Athena and Poseidon. This competition was to determine who would be the city's patron, and in the end, Athena was victorious.





Rosetta Stone

Rosetta Stone

Inscribed on the stone is the same decree in three languages: Hieroglyphic script, Demotic script, and Ancient Greek. The stone originated in a temple, before being used as building material when it was more recently discovered in Fort Julien near Rashid, Egypt by a French Soldier in 1799. When the British invaded Egypt at the beginning of the 1800s, they took the stone and it has been on display since then in the British Museum. The museum has a copy of the stone in the Kings Library that you can touch, while the actual stone in encased in room 4. Copies and models were made and given to scholars around the world in an attempt to decipher it, with Thomas Young and Jean-Francois Champollion contributing heavily to the understanding of the languages. Having the same decree in three languages aided in the deciphering of Egyptian Hieroglyphics









Great Migrations

Franks



Visigoths



Lombards

Lombardic jewelry
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Found at a grave site, the finger ring contains a Germanic name, but was used for sealing documents in what is Roman tradition.

The Lombards were a Germanic people, residing in southern Scandinavia, migrating further south until reaching Italy. They conquered the area, which was devastated after the Gothic War between the Ostrogoths and the Byzantine Empire. For two centuries they ruled a large part of Italy, save for territories the Byzantines were able to hold on to, like Rome and Ravenna. However, as time went on, they gradually began adopting Byzantine traditions, including practicing Christianity.
The resulting Lombardic Kingdom

Cultural Effects on Migrants

References

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Image Gallery

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