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|title = How Shakespeare through the Centuries Still Lives On
 
|title = How Shakespeare through the Centuries Still Lives On
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|image = [[File:download.jpeg|x950px|left|thumb|Romeo and Juliet on the balcony (1886) by Julius Kronberg <ref name = "brt">Kronberg, J. (2013, March 16). Romeo and Juliet on the balcony [Romeo and Juliet on the balcony painted by Julius Kronberg in 1886]. Retrieved May 16, 2017, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Julius_Kronberg_-_Romeo_och_Julia_p%C3%A5_balkongen.jpg </ref>  ]]
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|image = [[File:download.jpeg|x950px|left|thumb|Romeo and Juliet on the balcony (1886) by Julius Kronberg]]
[[File:DickseeRomeoandJuliet.jpg|x350px|right|thumb|Romeo and Juliet balcony scene (1884) by Frank Dicksee]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
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[[File:DickseeRomeoandJuliet.jpg|x299px|right|thumb|Romeo and Juliet balcony scene (1884) by Frank Dicksee]]  
|caption = by [[User:Mthatfalvi|Mary Hatfalvi]]
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|label2 =                       ''by''
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|data2 =  [[User:Mthatfalvi|Mary Hatfalvi]]
 
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=Abstract=
 
=Abstract=
The goal of this project was to find the similarities and differences of two performances of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet that were performed in London in two different time periods. I used my knowledge in Theater Workshop class and from private past performance creations to find the subjects that are used to define similarities and differences in performance. Through this research into current and past London performances, the main find for the project is that Shakespeare message that he wanted to given through this certain play still lives today through different interpretations.  
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The goal for this project was to compare two performances of Shakespeare’s Romeo & Juliet that were performed in London in two different time periods. In addition to exploring scholarly literature on this subject, I used my knowledge in Theater Workshop class and from past performance creations to help me compare both performances.Through this research into the current and past performances, I founded the message of Shakespeare that still lives on today.
 
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=Introduction=
 
=Introduction=
 
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This project is about the timeless message of Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet that is still relevant today. The story of Romeo & Juliet has been told around the world for hundreds of years. It is a beautiful story about lovers who are domed to never be together because of human prejudice and spite. Because this play is timeless in its message of love, there have been many different adaptations and storytelling techniques for this play. The question is even with all of these different adaptations, does Shakespeare;s original story and message still live on? One way to answer this question is to dive into the story, its inspiration, and to look at two artistically different interpretations and find the real theme & message that still lives on today. <br><br>
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The story of Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet has been told around the world for hundreds of years. It is a beautiful story about two lovers who are torn apart because of their families quarrel. Because this play is timeless in its message, there have been many different adaptations and storytelling techniques used for this play. The question that this project wanted to answer was that after all of the different adaptations made in the years, does Shakespeare's original theme and message still live on? I answered this question by diving into the story, its inspiration, and looked at two artistically different interpretations of the play to find the real theme & message that still lives on today. <br><br>
For this project, research of the story, inspiration and two interpretations of Romeo and Juliet can benefit with finding that Shakespeare theme and message through the ages. This research will look at the performance details, style, costumes, mood, theme and overall message that the writers & directors wanted to send through the story. Two London plays which appear very different in style and technique can be compared for an in depth research into the message of the story of Romeo and Juliet. One interpretation of Romeo and Juliet that will be looked at was performed in 1867 as an opera at the Covent Gardens which is now know as the [[Royal Opera House]]. Another interpretation was a 1950's style performance done at the [[Garrick Theatre]] in 2016. Despite the drastic difference in interpretation and performance, the original message that Shakespeare want to give through this play still lives on.  
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I researched the performance details, style, costumes, mood, theme and overall message of the two different interpretations of Romeo & Juliet. I found, through my research, two London plays which appeared very different in style & technique, and used those interpretations to compare the overall message from the story of Romeo & Juliet. One interpretation of Romeo and Juliet that I found performed in 1867. The interpenetration was put on as an opera at the Covent Gardens, which is now know as the [[Royal Opera House]]. The other interpretation was a 1950's style adaptation performed at the [[Garrick Theatre]] in 2016. Despite the drastic difference in dramatic style and performance, I found that the original message that Shakespeare want to give through this play still lives on.  
 
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==Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet Story & Inspiration==
 
==Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet Story & Inspiration==
 
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To find the original message of the play, Romeo & Juliet, I first looked at original's story plot. This helped to to find a basis for the themes that are given in the story.
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===Story===
 
===Story===
The plot of the play of Romeo and Juliet is about two star crossed lovers who are forbidden to be together by their families quarrel. According to a Shakespeare Resource website, the two families, the Capulets which is Juliet's family and the Montagues which is Romeo's family, have been quarreling for years. They meet at a masquerade ball which is put on by the Capulets and they fall in love at first sight. They eventually decided to secretly marry and plan on running away. Sadly though Romeo ends up killing Tybalt, who is Juliet's cousin, and is sent to exile. Juliet is then forced by her family to marry Paris. She decides to fake her death to escape the arranged marriage and then to run away with Romeo. Unfortunately, Romeo never receives word that Juliet's death is fake. He finds her dead then goes to her side and poisons himself. When Juliet awakes and see's her Romeo dead she then ends her life for real. In the end, both families do reconcile but sadly at the cost of Romeo and Juliet's lives.  
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The plot of Romeo & Juliet circles around two star crossed lovers who are forbidden to be together by their families quarrel. The two families whose names are the Capulets, which is Juliet's family, and the Montagues, which is Romeo's family, have quarreled for years. Romeo & Juliet met at a masquerade ball, which was put on by the Capulets, and they feel in love at first sight. They eventually decided to secretly marry and planned on running away. Sadly though, Romeo ended up killing Tybalt, who is Juliet's cousin, and gets sent to exile. Juliet is then forced by her family to marry Paris. She decided to fake her death by drinking a potion so that she could escape the arranged marriage and run away with Romeo. Unfortunately, Romeo never received word that Juliet's death was fake. He found her 'dead' and poisons himself. When Juliet awoke and see's her Romeo dead, she ends her own life for real. In the end, both families do reconcile but sadly at the cost of Romeo and Juliet's lives.  
 
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[[File:Francesco_Hayez_053.jpg|400px|right|thumb|''Romeo and Juliet by Francesco Hayez, (1823)'']]
 
[[File:Francesco_Hayez_053.jpg|400px|right|thumb|''Romeo and Juliet by Francesco Hayez, (1823)'']]
  
 
===Inspiration===
 
===Inspiration===
William Shakespeare wrote Romeo & Juliet around the 1590's. Researches to this day still cannot exactly pinpoint what inspired the play. While researching Shakespeare's possible inspirations three main researched theories come up. One being the inspiration of the are the time period, another being real people Shakespeare knew, and a poem that Shakespeare could have read. <br><br>
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In Elizabethan time, while England was growing in arts and culture however, according to a Shakespearean study done on the historical context of Romeo & Juliet, it was still suffering from religious persecution towards the Catholics.<ref name = "Hist"> Maker, D. (2009, December 05). Romeo and Juliet Historical Context - Romeo and Juliet as a warning to Elizabeth . Retrieved May 12, 2017, from https://shakespearestudy.wordpress.com/plays/romeo-and-juliet-historical-context/</ref> When Henry VIII became the head of the English church, Catholics were then threatened to either convert to Protestation or die. When Mary I succeed her father after her brother Edward VI, she didn't persecute the Catholics because she was Catholic herself like her mother, but instead persecuted the Protestants. This was why she got her nickname "Bloody Mary". Then when Mary I died, Elizabeth I succeeded her. Elizabeth I brought back the Protestant church but started to executed Catholics again like her father. It is recorded in Shakespeare history that Shakespeare's father was a Catholic. Now no real proof exists for William Shakespeare's religion but it is a thought that he did base Romeo and Juliet on this time period event especially with the fight going on between Catholicism and Protestantism. <ref name = "Hist"/> Think of the names Romeo (Rome, where the Catholic church is based) and Juliet (Anglican English church of England). <br><br>
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The story of Romeo & Juliet is a tragic romance that was beautifully told by Shakespeare. However, what was the inspiration behind writing it? William Shakespeare wrote Romeo & Juliet around the 1590's. Researches to this day still cannot exactly pinpoint what inspired the play. While researching Shakespeare's possible inspirations, I found three main possibilities. One possibility was the time period, another are real lovers Shakespeare knew, and another one was a poem that written in Shakespeare's time. <br><br>
Another possible inspiration is a real couple that Shakespeare knew. According to a Shakespeare Solved website that writes articles for the University of Oxford's Bodleian Library & The Royal Shakespeare Company, Henry Wriothesley the 3rd Earl of Southampton was a close friend to Shakespeare and was a courtier to Queen Elizabeth I. <ref> Schajer, D. B. (1970, January 01). Shakespeare Solved. Retrieved May 11, 2017, from http://shakespearesolved.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/the-real-romeo-and-juliet.html </ref> His mother was Mary Browne whose father was the 1st Viscount Montagu (does this sound similar to Montagues). Henry fell in love with a woman named Elizabeth Vernon who was one of Queen Elizabeth I's ladies-in-waiting. Ladies-in-waiting were no allowed to marry and an alliance between Henry & Elizabeth was not favored by the queen especially since both family were different in religious views (Henry's family was Catholic and Elizabeth Vernon's family was Protestant) . Henry was the ward of William Cecil and he already arranged a marriage for Henry which Henry refused. When Cecil died in 1598, Henry and Elizabeth then married. This did not make the queen happy and she put them both in jail. They were eventually released and their love story ended happily with a long life and children. <br><br>
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In the time when England was growing in arts & culture, according to a Shakespearean study done on the historical context of Romeo & Juliet, England was suffering from religious persecution towards the Catholics.<ref name = "Hist"> Maker, D. (2009, December 05). Romeo and Juliet Historical Context - Romeo and Juliet as a warning to Elizabeth . Retrieved May 12, 2017, from https://shakespearestudy.wordpress.com/plays/romeo-and-juliet-historical-context/</ref> When Henry VIII became the head of the English church, Catholics were threatened to either convert to his church or to die. When Mary I succeed her father after her brother Edward VI, she didn't persecute the Catholics because she was Catholic herself, like her mother, but instead persecuted Henry VIII's church followers. This was how she got her nickname "Bloody Mary". When Mary I died, Elizabeth I succeeded her. Elizabeth I started her own church and executed Catholics again just like her father. It is recorded in Shakespeare's history that Shakespeare's father was a Catholic. Now no real proof exists for William Shakespeare's religious views but, it is a thought that he did base Romeo & Juliet on this conflicting time period .<ref name = "Hist"/> Think of the names, Romeo (Rome, where the Catholic church is based) and Juliet (Anglican English church of England). <br><br>
The poem "The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet" written by Arthur Brooke in 1562 is consider as the most likely inspirational source for the story of Romeo and Juliet. <ref name = "brooke"> Brooke, Arthur. BROOKE'S 'ROMEUS AND JULIET' BEING THE ORIGINAL OF SHAKESPEARE'S 'ROMEO AND JULIET' NEWLY EDITED BY J. J. MUNRO. Ed. J.J. Munro. New York: Duffield and Company; London: Chatto & Windus, 1908.</ref> The story plot based in Verone is close to the same as Shakespeare's plot for Romeo & Juliet. Some things are different like for example Juliet is wooed by Romeus two weeks instead of just one night. The words that the characters speak are different in the poem then the play. They do though convey the important theme of timeless romance and tragedy.  
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Another possible inspiration that was researched was a true story about two real lovers that Shakespeare knew. According to the Luminarium Encyclopedia, Henry Wriothesley the 3rd Earl of Southampton was a close friend to Shakespeare and was also a courtier to Queen Elizabeth I. His mother was Mary Browne whose father was the 1st Viscount Montagu (doesn't this sound similar to Montagues).<ref name = "earl"> Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton (1573-1624). (2009, August 17). Retrieved May 26, 2017, from http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/wriothesley3.htm</ref> Henry fell in love with a woman named Elizabeth Vernon, who was one of Queen Elizabeth I's ladies-in-waiting. Ladies-in-waiting were no allowed to marry and an alliance between Henry & Elizabeth was not favored by the queen, especially since both family had different religious views (Henry's family was Catholic and Elizabeth Vernon's family was Protestant). Henry, who was the ward of William Cecil, was already arranged a marriage by William, which Henry refused. When Cecil died in 1598, Henry and Elizabeth married. This did not make the queen happy and she threw them both in jail.<ref name ="earl"/> They were eventually released and their love story did end happily with a long life of love & children. <br><br>
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The poem, "The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet" written by Arthur Brooke in 1562, is considered as the most likely inspirational source for the story of Romeo & Juliet.<ref name = "brooke"> Brooke, Arthur. BROOKE'S 'ROMEUS AND JULIET' BEING THE ORIGINAL OF SHAKESPEARE'S 'ROMEO AND JULIET' NEWLY EDITED BY J. J. MUNRO. Ed. J.J. Munro. New York: Duffield and Company; London: Chatto & Windus, 1908.</ref> This poem's plot, based in Verona, is close to the same as Shakespeare's plot for Romeo & Juliet. Some things are different like for example, Juliet is wooed by Romeus for two weeks instead of just one night. The words that the characters speak are different in the poem then the play. The story does convey the important theme of a tragic romance. <br><br>
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Each of these inspirations share a similar theme & message for this story: love, tragedy, conflict, and war. This was the theme & message that has to be conveyed for the story of Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet to live on through the ages. To find out if this message is living through the ages, I went into review of two interpretations that are different and gave a summary of performance, dramatic elements used & the overall message conveyed through the researched plays. The first play I researched was an 1867 opera performed at the Covent Gardens. After a investigation in the 1867 opera, I then researched and investigated another interpretation that was performed at the [[Garrick Theatre]] in 2016.  
 
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==Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet at the Covent Gardens (1867) ==
 
==Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet at the Covent Gardens (1867) ==
 
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According to the annals of the Covent Gardens Theatre from 1732 to 1897, the opera "Romeo and Juliette" by Charles Gounod was performed at the Covent Garden's on July 11 1867. <ref> Wyndham, Henry Saxe. (1906). The annals of Covent Garden Theatre from 1732 to 1897. London : Chatto & Windus </ref> Adelina Patti played Juliet and Signor Mario played Romeo. The opera was a newly composed by Charles Gounod with words by J.Barbier & M.Carré and received many fantastic reviews at the time. One praising review was published in the Watson's Art Journal in London at the time stating that ''"It is impossible to speak too highly of the manner at which Roméo e Giulietta is placed upon the stage at Covent Garden Theatre"''. <ref>Gounod's Romeo and Juliet. (1867). Watson's Art Journal, 7(16), 244-246. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/20647340 </ref> This opera was a new rendition of Romeo and Juliet at the time in 1867. <br><br>
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According to the annals of the Covent Gardens Theatre from 1732 to 1897, the opera "Romeo and Juliette" by Charles Gounod was performed at the Covent Garden on July 11 1867.<ref> Wyndham, Henry Saxe. (1906). The annals of Covent Garden Theatre from 1732 to 1897. London : Chatto & Windus </ref> Adelina Patti played Juliet and Signor Mario played Romeo. The opera was newly composed by Charles Gounod with words by J.Barbier & M.Carré and received many fantastic reviews at the time. One praising review was published in the Watson's Art Journal in London at the time stating that ''"it is impossible to speak too highly of the manner at which Roméo e Giulietta is placed upon the stage at Covent Garden Theatre"''.<ref name = "grd">Gounod's Romeo and Juliet. (1867). Watson's Art Journal, 7(16), 244-246. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/20647340 </ref> This opera was a new rendition of the story of Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet in 1867. <br><br>
 
===Performance Summary===
 
===Performance Summary===
The opera is composed in five acts and performed in french. Before the first act, a chorus sings the prologue. The first act starts at the Capulet's Place at a Masquerade ball. Romeo sneaks into the ball with his friends and meets Juliet and falls for her at first sight. The second act is the balcony scene when Romeo meets Juliet. The Third Act starts in the friar's cell when Romeo and Juliet secretly marry and continues with Romeo's page going to the Capulets house then draws one of their servants to combat. The combat grows by the addition of Romeo, Tybalt and others. Eventually Romeo kills Tybalt. The act ends when Romeo is then banished by the Duke. Act four is in Juliet's bedroom where Romeo visits her for the night then leaves before her father and the friar come to tell her she will marry Paris. The friar, after Juliet's father leaves, gives Juliet a potion to take to fake her death. She then takes the potion. The fifth and final act is in the Capulets tomb where Juliet is buried. Romeo enters and believing Juliet is dead consumes poison. Before the poison kills Romeo, Juliet awakes and finds her Romeo dying from the poison. They speak heartfelt words and while Romeo dies Juliet stabs herself with Romeo's dagger. Ending the opera with them both dead. <ref name = "ref">  Barbier, J., Carré, M., Gounod, C., Shakespeare, W., Sapio, R., Pollack, O., & Moody-Manners Opera Company. (1912). Romeo & Juliet: Opera in five acts. Hull: White & Farrell.</ref>
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The opera was composed in five acts and performed in french. Before the first act, a chorus sung the prologue. The first act then started at the Capulet's Place at a Masquerade ball. Romeo sneaked into the ball with his friends, then met Juliet and then fell for her at first sight. The second act was the balcony scene when Romeo woes Juliet. The Third Act started in the friar's cell where Romeo & Juliet secretly marry. The act continued with Romeo's page who went to the Capulets house and fought with one of their servants in combat. The combat grows by the addition of Romeo, Tybalt and others. Eventually, Romeo kills Tybalt. The act ended when Romeo is then banished by the Duke. Act four was in Juliet's bedroom where Romeo visits her for the night then left before her father and the friar came to tell her that she will marry Paris. The friar, after Juliet's father leaves, the gave Juliet a potion to take so that she could fake her death. She consumed the potion. The fifth and final act is in the Capulets tomb, where Juliet is buried. Romeo entered and after believing Juliet was dead, consumed poison thus ending his life. Before the poison killed Romeo, Juliet awoke and found her Romeo dying from the poison. They spoke heartfelt words and, while Romeo dies, Juliet stabbed herself with his dagger. Thus ending the opera with them both dead.<ref name = "ref">  Barbier, J., Carré, M., Gounod, C., Shakespeare, W., Sapio, R., Pollack, O., & Moody-Manners Opera Company. (1912). Romeo & Juliet: Opera in five acts. Hull: White & Farrell.</ref>
 
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[[File:Press3act.jpg|x460px|right|thumb|''Press Illustration of 3rd Act (1867)'']]
 
[[File:Press3act.jpg|x460px|right|thumb|''Press Illustration of 3rd Act (1867)'']]
  
 
===Dramatic Elements===
 
===Dramatic Elements===
 
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The opera opened in the the late 1800's in Paris France. The words are sung in french and the style of the opera & costumes is Shakespearean time period. The set probably looked like late 16th century Verona Italy. Gounod did the same approach with Romeo & Juliet as he did with another one of his famous operas Faust and toned down the supporting characters in the play. Except for the Friar and Mercutio, the supporting characters are as is said only supporting. Juliet's nurse for example her character is taken down to the point where she is almost non existent. This is Gounod's way of emphasizing the main characters of the opera. Romeo and Juliet are either or both in every scene of the opera with entire scenes to themselves mutable times. <br>
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The opera opened in the the late 1800's in Paris, France. The words are sung in french and the style & costumes of the opera is the Shakespearean time period. The set probably looked liked late 16th century Verona, Italy. Gounod did the same approach with Romeo & Juliet as he did with another one of his famous operas called Faust. He toned down the supporting characters in the play. Except for the Friar and Mercutio, the supporting characters are portrayed only as supporting characters to the main characters. Juliet's nurse, for example, was according to a review, portrayed as someone who could have almost been non-existent.<ref name = "grd"/> This, according to a review on the performance, was Gounod's way of emphasizing the main characters of the opera.<ref name = "grd"/> Romeo & Juliet are either one of them or both of them in every scene of the opera with entire scenes to themselves mutable times. <br><br>
The music sets the theme for the opera in every act. The first act starts in a triumphant Forte with goes then to an Andante with a chorus. This is the ball scene so then the music goes back to a happy upbeat sound. The second act is performed soft and Dolce. Two scenes are in the third act and the first is Dolce music for Romeo and Juliet's music which grows to a triumphant Forte with trumpets ending the scene. The second scene is more tense and speeds up and grows louder with the chorus. This scene is the fighting scene. The forth act has a beautiful parting with Romeo and Juliet together for the first time since their marriage before romeo leaves for banishment. Then the scene goes to Juliet with her father and the Friar where the music becomes the feelings of Juliet with desperation and homelessness. The Friar with a deep bass voice gives hope to Juliet though and the scene ends slow with Juliet taking the poison. The fifth act starts with a sad and slow trumpets when Romeo finds his Juliet "dead".  The scene is very dramatic and shows the passion that both Romeo and Juliet have for each other. The opera ends with sad triumphant horns emphasizing the end of timeless classic love story. <ref> Gounod, C., Barbier, J., Carré, M., Baker, T., Henderson, W. J., & Shakespeare, W. (1925). Romeo and Juliet: Opera in five acts. New York: G. Schirmer.</ref>
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The music set the theme for the opera in every act. The first act started in a triumphant Forte with went to an Andante when the chorus started singing. This is the ball scene so then the music went back to a happy upbeat sound. The second act is performed soft and Dolce. Two scenes are in the third act. The first part started with the sound of Dolce music for Romeo & Juliet which then grew to a triumphant Forte with trumpets ending the scene. The second scene was more tense and sped up growing louder with the chorus. This scene was the fighting scene. The forth act had a beautiful parting sound when Romeo & Juliet were together for the first time since their marriage, before romeo leaves for banishment. Then the scene changed to Juliet with her father and the Friar. The music for that scene sounded like the feelings of Juliet: desperation and hopelessness. The Friar, with a deep bass voice however, gave hope to Juliet with his idea of faking her death. The fifth act started with sad and slow trumpets when Romeo finds his Juliet 'dead'.  The scene was very dramatic and showed the passion that both Romeo & Juliet have for each other. The opera ended with sad triumphant horns emphasizing the end of the classic love story. <ref name = "ref"/>  
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<br><br>[[File:Balconygrounds.jpg|x360px|right|thumb|''Balcony Scene from Gounod's Romeo & Juliet (1867)'']]
[[File:Balconygrounds.jpg|x360px|right|thumb|''Balcony Scene from Gounod's Romeo & Juliet (1867)'']]
 
  
 
===Overall Review===
 
===Overall Review===
An opera is a style of theater performance that makes a story more dramatic and heartfelt. By drawing out all of the words in song, the viewer is more captivated and emotional about the story and characters. Gounod by making Romeo & Juliet an opera created a way of telling the story where the audience could become more emotional to the pain and loss of love. He also showed this theme by ending the scene not when the Montagues and Capulets reunite, but when both Romeo & Juliet die. The message that Gounod wants to send through this opera is that the loss of love is real and painful.  
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An opera is a style of theater performance that can create a more dramatic and heartfelt storytelling experience. By drawing out all of the words in song, the viewer is more captivated & emotional about the story & its characters. Gounod, by making Romeo & Juliet an opera, created a way of telling the story where the audience could become more emotional to the pain & loss of love. He also showed this theme by ending the scene, not when the Montagues and Capulets reunite, but when both Romeo & Juliet died. The message that Gounod wanted to send through this opera is the passion of the love, loss, tragedy and the sadness of war & conflict.  
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==Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet at the Garrick Theatre (2016) ==
 
==Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet at the Garrick Theatre (2016) ==
 
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For the 2016 year at the [[Garrick Theatre]] in London, an interpretation of Romeo and Juliet was performed with directors Kenneth Branagh and Rob Ashford. Rob Ashford was also the choreographer in this production. This interpretation got mixed reviews one from The Guardian newspaper published in London by theatre critic Micheal Billington saying that ''"The whole thing is done with a speed and vigour that ensures we are never bored;..."'' <ref> Billington, M. (2016, May 26). Romeo and Juliet review – Branagh gives tragedy a touch of la dolce vita. Retrieved May 12, 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2016/may/26/romeo-and-juliet-review-branagh-lily-james-richard-madden-garrick-theatre </ref>  . Another review from The Independent newspaper in London by an Arts and Features writer Holly Williams saying that ''"The pair power through with appropriately teenage high drama, but the show never plumbs the full depths of tragedy."'' <ref> Williams, H. (2016, May 25). Romeo and Juliet, The Garrick Theatre, London: Teenage high drama, but Kenneth Branagh's show never plumbs the full depths of tragedy. Retrieved May 12, 2017, from http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/reviews/romeo-and-juliet-the-garrick-theatre-london-teenage-high-drama-but-kenneth-branagh-s-show-never-a7049321.html </ref> Despite mixed reviews, this interpretation of Romeo and Juliet is unique in its style and theme.  
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For the 2016 season at the [[Garrick Theatre]] in London, an interpretation of Romeo and Juliet was performed with directors Kenneth Branagh and Rob Ashford. Rob Ashford was also the choreographer in this production. This interpretation got mixed reviews. The Guardian newspaper's theatre critic Micheal Billington said that ''"The whole thing is done with a speed and vigour that ensures we are never bored;..."''.<ref name = "bil"> Billington, M. (2016, May 26). Romeo and Juliet review – Branagh gives tragedy a touch of la dolce vita. Retrieved May 12, 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2016/may/26/romeo-and-juliet-review-branagh-lily-james-richard-madden-garrick-theatre </ref>  Another review from The Independent newspaper's Arts and Features writer Holly Williams, said that ''"The pair power through with appropriately teenage high drama, but the show never plumbs the full depths of tragedy."''<ref> Williams, H. (2016, May 25). Romeo and Juliet, The Garrick Theatre, London: Teenage high drama, but Kenneth Branagh's show never plumbs the full depths of tragedy. Retrieved May 12, 2017, from http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/reviews/romeo-and-juliet-the-garrick-theatre-london-teenage-high-drama-but-kenneth-branagh-s-show-never-a7049321.html </ref> Despite mixed reviews, this interpretation of Romeo & Juliet was unique in its style and approach to the classic tale.  
 
<br><br>[[File:picofromeoandjuliet.jpg|200px|thumb|''Romeo & Juliet Plays at The Garrick'']]
 
<br><br>[[File:picofromeoandjuliet.jpg|200px|thumb|''Romeo & Juliet Plays at The Garrick'']]
 
===Performance Summary===
 
===Performance Summary===
Richard Madden and Lily James played the star roles. The performance follows the same script of the original Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet but with some lines cut and some added humor. The play keeps to the same Shakespearean words and sayings. One added part for Juliet is that in Act 1 Scene 5 she is singing a song when Romeo sees her for the first time. The characters are kept the same as in the original play however, Mercutio is not a young man but a sarcastic and nicely dressed older guy. This creates an approach to the story where Mercutio is a loyal older friend, someone who speaks from experience and Romeo looks to him for advice.  
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Richard Madden and Lily James played the star roles. The performance follows the same script of the original Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet but with some of the original lines cut and some added humor. For example, one added part for Juliet is that in Act 1 Scene 5 she sings a song at the party where Romeo sees her for the first time. The play though keeps to the same Shakespearean words & sayings. The characters are kept the same as in the original play however, Mercutio is not a young man but a sarcastic and nicely dressed older guy. This creates an different way of looking at the character Mercutio, who is the loyal friend of Romeo. He is a person who speaks from experience and Romeo look to him for advice.  
 
<br><br>
 
<br><br>
 
===Dramatic Elements===
 
===Dramatic Elements===
The set and period the play is done in is 1950's Verona Italy . The men wear dark suits and the women wear petticoats.The main scenic design looks like a roman building with white marble columns and steps. The whole play keeps this main set and uses props & lighting to change scenes. The background music throughout the play is modern. Different kinds of passion can be shown throughout this interpenetration. The passion of love, war, conflict, fear and pain. There is a theme of darkness and light that is shown through the stage, lighting and characters. Especially in the Romeo & Juliet death scene, the white light showing Juliet's white gown is contrasted with Romeo's dark black suit. The supporting characters are given more notice and development. For example, the Nurse, according to actress Meera Syal in an interview, is portrayed as a comic caricature but is shown to be human and have great feelings towards Juliet who she considers as a daughter. <ref name = "RaG"> Shakespeare, W., Branagh, K., & Oram, C. (2016). Romeo and Juliet. London: Nick Hern Books. </ref>  She portrays the Nurse in Garrick Theatre's Romeo & Juliet 2016 performance. The mood throughout the play is serious energetic and passionate.  
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The set and time period the play was Verona, Italy in the 1950's. The men wear dark suits and the women wear petticoats.<ref name = "bil"/> The main scenic design looks like a roman building with white marble columns and steps. The whole play keeps this main set and uses props & lighting to change the scenes. The background music throughout the play is modern. Different kinds of passion can be shown throughout this interpenetration. The passion of love, war, conflict, fear and pain. There is a theme of darkness and light that is shown through the stage, lighting & characters, especially in the Romeo & Juliet death scene. The white light emphasizing Juliet's white gown is contrasted with Romeo's dark black suit. The supporting characters are given more notice and development. For example, the Nurse, according to actress Meera Syal in an interview, is portrayed as a comic caricature but is shown to be human and have great feelings towards Juliet who she considers as a daughter. <ref name = "RaG"> Shakespeare, W., Branagh, K., & Oram, C. (2016). Romeo and Juliet. London: Nick Hern Books. </ref>  Meera Syal portrays the Nurse in [[Garrick Theatre]]'s Romeo & Juliet 2016 performance. The mood throughout the play changes from serious, to energetic, to passionate.  
 
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<br><br>
 
 
===Overall Review===
 
===Overall Review===
<br>  
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<br>
The message that this performance gives is that the story is timeless. Throughout the set, music, costumes and speech, no single time period can be pinned on this interpretation of Romeo & Juliet. The different passion of love, war, conflict, fear and pain can also be shown in this interpretation. For example, Romeo speaks what he feels passionate love for Rosaline then changes quickly when he sees Juilet and speaks that: <br>"''...Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight,''  <br> ''For I ne'er saw true beauty till this night.''" <ref name = "RaG"/><br>
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The message that this performance gives is that the story of Romeo & Juliet is timeless. Throughout the set, music, costumes and speech, the play doesn't stick with just one time period. This play also gives the themes of different types of passion within love, war, conflict, fear and pain. For example, Romeo speaks with two different types of passionate love for Rosaline and for Juilet. He says about Rosaline in Act 1, Scene 1 with a boyish love:<br><br>
This interpretation had a great approach to a old but true theme.
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""...O, she is rich in beauty, only poor"<br>
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"That, when she dies, with beauty dies her store."" <ref name = "RaG"/>
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<br><br>Then he says about Juliet in Act 1, Scene 5 in a starstruck passionate love: <br><br>"''...Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight,''  <br> ''For I ne'er saw true beauty till this night.''" <ref name = "RaG"/>
 
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=Section 2: Deliverable=
 
=Section 2: Deliverable=
 
<br>
 
<br>
Both interpretations are given the same story. However, their interpretation of the story is different. What this project wants to find is the theme and message that both interpretations are trying to give to their audience. To do this lets look in depth at the similarities and differences of the to plays.  Lets start with the differences.  
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Comparing both interpretations helped with finding the message of Shakespeare that still lives on today. The most obvious comparison to start with are the differences in performance & dramatic elements. The differences in these adaptations expand from how the characters are portrayed to how the sets were designed differently. After finding the differences, then the similarities where the message of Shakespeare lives on can be found.  
 
<br><br>
 
<br><br>
 
==The Differences==
 
==The Differences==
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
===Performance===
 
===Performance===
[[File:Balconygrounds.jpg|x360px|right|thumb|''Balcony Scene from Gounod's Romeo & Juliet (1867)'']]Both performance executions were very different. That alone could be explained by the fact that they were done in different time periods and at different places. However lets look at both performances. In the 1867 interpretation, the performance is written entirely as an french opera. All of the words are sung and even though most of the original writing is kept, a lot of lines for the script were newly written just for this interpretation. For example, in the original balcony scene from Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet (Act 2, Scene 2) one of the lines Juliet says to herself is: <br>''"Ah me! <br><br>O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?<br>
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[[File:Balconygrounds.jpg|x360px|right|thumb|''Balcony Scene from Gounod's Romeo & Juliet (1867)'']]<br>Both of the performance executions for each interpretation are very different. That alone could be explained by the fact that they were done in different time periods and in different places. However, in the 1867 interpretation the performance was written entirely as an french opera. All of the words are sung and even though most of the original Shakespearean writing is kept, a lot of lines for the performance were newly written just for this interpretation. For example, in the original script of Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet, Juliet speaks these beautiful words on the balcony from Act 2, Scene 2: <br>''"Ah me! <br><br>O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?<br>
 
''Deny thy father and refuse thy name;''<br>
 
''Deny thy father and refuse thy name;''<br>
 
''Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,''<br>
 
''Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,''<br>
Line 99: Line 110:
 
''And for that name which is no part of thee''<br>
 
''And for that name which is no part of thee''<br>
 
''Take all myself.''"''<ref name = "orig"> Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. MIT. Web. Retrieved May 15, 2017 </ref>.<br>
 
''Take all myself.''"''<ref name = "orig"> Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. MIT. Web. Retrieved May 15, 2017 </ref>.<br>
<br>In the opera (Act 1, Scene 2) Juliet sings in french: <br><br>
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<br>However, in the same scene in the opera interpretation, Juliet sings in french (Act 1, Scene 2): <br>
"''Ah me!-And still I love him! <br>
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''"Ah me! - And still I love him!'' <br>
 
''Romeo, why art thou Romeo?'' <br>
 
''Romeo, why art thou Romeo?'' <br>
 
''Doff then thy name, for't is no part,'' <br>
 
''Doff then thy name, for't is no part,'' <br>
Line 106: Line 117:
 
''By other name would smell as sweetly:'' <br>
 
''By other name would smell as sweetly:'' <br>
 
''Thou'rt no foe, 'tis thy name!''" <ref name = "ref"/><br><br>
 
''Thou'rt no foe, 'tis thy name!''" <ref name = "ref"/><br><br>
In the 2016 adaptation, not much of the script changed from the original Shakespeare version. For example, the same part (Act 2 Scene 2) Juliet speaks saying:
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For comparison, the 2016 adaptation doesn't have a big change from the original lines in Shakespeare's script. For example, in the same part (Act 2 Scene 2), Juliet's lines in the 2016 adaptation are:<br>
<br>''"Ay me!<br><br>O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?''
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""Ay me!"<br><br>"O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?''
 
''Deny thy father and refuse thy name.''<br>
 
''Deny thy father and refuse thy name.''<br>
 
''Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,''<br>
 
''Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,''<br>
Line 125: Line 136:
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
<br>
Another point of difference we can see is that the supporting characters how they are portrayed characters in both versions are also different.  
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As shown, the big change in these lines are only the punctuation. Another point of difference that was found when comparing the opera and the 1950's style adaptations are the roles of the supporting characters. The opera. in 1867. had only 10 supporting characters besides Romeo & Juliet. The chorus and background non speaking cast were not counted. The supporting characters in this adaptaion, which the exception of the Friar Lawrence and Mercutio, are not given great emphasis on their growth in character throughout the story unlike the main characters, Romeo & Juliet. In the 2016 version, there were 18 supporting characters with speaking roles including the main two characters. These characters were also given the opportunity in the play to have human characteristics and to grow in virtue or in hate depending on the character. More emphasis in supporting characters was given in the 2016 interpretation then the 1867 interpretation. <br><br>
The opera in 1867 has only 10 supporting characters besides Romeo & Juliet. The chorus and background non speaking cast do not count. These characters are also not given great emphasis on their growth in character through the story as we see with the main characters Romeo & Juliet. In the 2016 version, there are 18 supporting characters with speaking roles including the main two characters. These characters are also given the opportunity in the play to have human characteristics and to grow in virtue or in hate depending on the character. More emphasis in supporting characters is given in the 2016 interpretation then the 1867 interpretation.  
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After looking at the different performance techniques for each adaptation, I then looked at the different dramatic techniques used.  
 
<br><br>
 
<br><br>
 
 
===Dramatic Elements===
 
===Dramatic Elements===
[[File:Romeo_and_Juliet_11.jpg|400px|thumb|Scene from a 1994 performance of Romeo and Juliet]]
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[[File:Romeo_and_Juliet_11.jpg|400px|thumb|Scene from a 1994 performance of Romeo and Juliet]]<br>
<br>
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The two interpretations both use very different dramatic elements. To start, the style for each was different. The 1867 interpretation is an opera in 16th century Verona. The music & singing was a vital role in character communication & the story plot. Music was the main component in delivering the mood, theme and style. In the 2016 interpretation, music was used to set the mood but regular speaking was main form of communication. Elaborating & empathizing the spoken words created the mood, theme and style of the performance. <br><br>
The two interpretations both use very different dramatic elements. To start with style for each, the 1867 interpretation is an opera in 16th century Verona. Music and singing is vital role in character communication and story plot. Music is the main component in delivering the mood, theme and style. In the 2016 interpretation, music is used to set the mood but regular speech is main form of communication. Elaborating and empathizing the spoken words to create the mood, theme and style of the performance. <br>
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The costuming styles are not the same for each of these adaptations. The men and women in the 2016 interpretation were in 1950's style wear. Whereas, in the 1867 opera all of the characters were in Shakespearean style clothing. Romeo & Juliet, in the 2016 adaptaion, wore contrasting cloths of black and white.
Some of the costumes are not the same. The men and women in the 2016 interpretation are in 1950's Verona Italy style wear. Whereas the 1867 opera all of the characters are in Shakespearean style clothing. <br>
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The scenery place for each were both in Italy however, the 2016 set design looked more like a roman marble palace which helped in setting the contrast of darkness & light that the creator and directors wanted to portray. The 1867 opera set design was Verona, Italy in the 16th century with a fancy dance parlor, balcony and tomb.  
The sets are in Italy but the 2016 set looks more like a roman marble palace to set the contract of darkness and light. The 1867 opera was Verona Italy in the 16th century.With the fancy dance parlor, balcony and tomb. <br>
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The mood lighting was also different in both interpretations. For the 2016 play, lighting gave the contrast of darkness vs light as shown in Romeo & Juliet's clothing. Whereas, in the 1867 opera, lighting & costumes are chosen just to tell the story not to give contrast or symbolism.  
The mood lighting is different in both interpretations. For the 2016 play, lighting gives the contrast of darkness vs light as shown in Romeo & Juliet's clothing. Whereas in the 1867 opera, lighting and costumes are just to show the characters and tell the story. Not to give contrast or symbolism.  
 
 
<br><br>
 
<br><br>
 
 
==The Similarities==
 
==The Similarities==
 
<br>
 
<br>
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Overall, what has been said have been the differences in the adaptations. What was found was that many different dramatic elements & styles were used to tell the same story. What is interesting though is that despite the obvious differences, both interpretations do give the same message through their performances of fear, love, anger, loss, and death. To prove the point, I looked at the similarities in the performance style and dramatic elements.
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<br><br>
 
===Performance===
 
===Performance===
 
<br>
 
<br>
The similarities are easier to find then one first thinks. Despite the different time periods, clothing and performance differences, the interpretations have many performance styles and qualities that are used. Besides being performed in London, both plays still keep most of the original Shakespearean wording. Lets go back to the example of Juliet speaks from the balcony. In the original balcony scene from Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet (Act 2, Scene 2) one of the lines Juliet says to herself is: <br>''"Ah me! <br><br>O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?<br>
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Despite the time period, clothing & performance differences, the interpretations have many similar performance styles and qualities that were used. Besides being performed in London, both plays have a similarity that their scripts still kept most of the original Shakespearean wording and the overall message. Going back to the example, stated before in the Differences section, when Juliet speaks from the balcony. In the original balcony scene from Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet (Act 2, Scene 2), Juliet spoke these words: <br>''"Ah me! <br><br>O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?[[File:William Faversham-Maud Adams in Romeo and Juliet.jpg|300px|thumb|William Faversham & Maud Adams in Romeo and Juliet, Empire Theatre, Broadway (1899)]]<br>
 
''Deny thy father and refuse thy name;''<br>
 
''Deny thy father and refuse thy name;''<br>
 
''Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,''<br>
 
''Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,''<br>
Line 159: Line 169:
 
''Take all myself.''"''<ref name = "orig"/>.<br>
 
''Take all myself.''"''<ref name = "orig"/>.<br>
 
<br>
 
<br>
Now what is Juliet saying? She is wondering where Romeo is and asking him to turn his back on his kin and go to her. Their names are their enemies. Names are just names. That should not keep them apart. Whereas would a "rose by any other name would smell as sweet?" Take all of herself. <br>
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Now what the message that Juliet was trying to get across? She was calling out in search for Romeo. She then asked him to turn his back on his kin (prejudice and spite for her family). Juliet then said that hers and Romeo's names, which means their family names, are their enemies. She then told herself that names are just names. Names should not keep them apart since a ''"rose by any other name would smell as sweet?"'' <br><br>
 
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The opera gave the same message stated above. What changes is the wording and delivery. In Act 1 Scene 2, Juliet conveyed the message in french:<br><br>
In the opera (Act 1, Scene 2) Juliet still conveys this message in french despite the change in words: <br><br>
 
 
"''Ah me!-And still I love him! <br>
 
"''Ah me!-And still I love him! <br>
 
''Romeo, why art thou Romeo?'' <br>
 
''Romeo, why art thou Romeo?'' <br>
Line 168: Line 177:
 
''By other name would smell as sweetly:'' <br>
 
''By other name would smell as sweetly:'' <br>
 
''Thou'rt no foe, 'tis thy name!''" <ref name = "ref"/><br><br>
 
''Thou'rt no foe, 'tis thy name!''" <ref name = "ref"/><br><br>
What does this version of Juliet mean in this case? She still says that she loves Romeo. Where is Romeo? Romeo turn back on your name for names are just a part. Would a rose with any other name smell sweetly? You are not the enemy your name is. <br>
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This wording still conveys the message that Juliet is on watch for her Romeo and that names are just names.That Romeo is a Montague means only in name and a rose by any other name would smell as sweetly. <br>
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What was the translation in this speech? Juliet still called out for her Romeo and said that she loves him. Juliet then asked Romeo to turn back on his name (family prejudice and spite) for names are just one part. Would a rose with any other name smell as sweetly? She ended with stating that Romeo the person was not the enemy, the name Romeo Montague was. This wording still conveyed the message that Shakespeare originally wrote for Juliet in this scene. In the 2016 adaptation, as shown in the Differences section of this page, the original Shakespeare script and wording was kept as it is in this scene. Punctuation is the only difference.  
In the 2016 adaptation, most of the original Shakespeare version is kept as in this scene. As shown in the Differences in Performance section above, punctuation is the only difference.  
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<br><br>
<br>
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Another similarity that was found was that the supporting characters in both plays. Despite the difference in importance between the adaptions, the supporting characters, still kept the same character roles & personalities. For example, Mercutio was still portrayed as the friend and companion to Romeo. The interpretations gave importance to his character growth and development, since he is a major plot changer. The two interpretations didn't change the way the characters interacted with Romeo & Juliet either. <br><br>
Characters in both plays still keep the same character types. For example Mercutio, is still portrayed as the friend and companion to Romeo. The interpretations give importance to his character growth and development for since he is a major plot changer when he dies & Romeo then kills Tybalt which gets him exiled. The two interpretation don't change the way the characters interact with Romeo & Juliet either.  
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Performance similarity is important to the message that Shakespeare wanted to convey when he wrote Romeo & Juliet, however as important as performance is, dramatic elements need to be looked at also.  
<br>
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<br><br>
  
 
===Dramatic Elements===
 
===Dramatic Elements===
 
<br>
 
<br>
The 2016 and 1867 interpretations are both is Verona Italy. Both sets keep to the same idea as a balcony, grave and dance floor. Both versions have music in them to help with the mood and style of the performance. <br>
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The 2016 and 1867 interpretations were both set in Verona, Italy. Both adaptations had the main plot settings that are needed for the story line: a balcony, grave, Juliet's bedroom and dance floor. Both versions had music that helped with portraying the mood & style of the performance. For both performances, the costumes for Romeo and Juliet were different but also, similar in the way that they showed personalities of Romeo & Juliet. For example, Juliet's dresses in both plays are kept light and innocent. Whereas Romeo's costumes are kept masculine and strong. In the 2016 adaptaion, Juliet's light costume contracts Romeo's dark one. <br><br>
The costumes for Romeo and Juliet for both performances are different but similar. For example Juliet's dresses in both plays are kept light and innocent. Whereas Romeo's costumes are kept masculine and strong. <br>
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The big similarity that was found in these performances was the mood and theme. The mood found in both interpretations was the different passions of love, war, conflict, fear and pain. Despite interpreting the play differently, both plays come to this same theme portrayal. In the opera, the words and music brought this mood & theme to life. This was also true in the 2016 interpretation. This theme for the play comes out as the highlight and takeaway for both interpretations. Looking back to the original inspirations of Romeo & Juliet, the same theme is found: the different passions of loss, war, love, and pain. This is then the message that Shakespeare wanted to portray when writing Romeo & Juliet.  
The mood conveyed in both performances is the same. The passion of dramatic love, war, conflict, fear and pain. Despite being in different time periods and interpreting the play differently both come to the same mood set. Thought the opera, words bring the mood to life as true in the 2016 interpretation. As seen through the possible inspirations of the story, the mood for the play comes out as the highlight of both interpretations. This then must be the message that Shakespeare wants to portray.  
 
 
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<br><br>
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=Conclusion=
 
=Conclusion=
 
<br>
 
<br>
What is the message that is found in Romeo & Juliet? That love conjurers all despite human folly. That human conflict and  wars are not right in their conquest for justice.That love is the most important thing in the world. Those are the concluding messages that are found through both interpretations. Despite the many differences in performance style and dramatic elements, both interpretations could still portray the same message. Going back to the original story and inspiration, Shakespeare was someone who did not liked the conflicts and wars going on. He was someone who wanted to make people happy but still give them something to take away from a story. This story gives great lessons and messages for anyone in any time period. That is why the message still lives on. Through different interpretations through different time periods, the message of love, pain and passion still stays strong. <br>
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What is the message from the story of Romeo & Juliet? That love conjurers all despite human folly, that human conflict & wars are wrong in their conquest for justice, or that love is the most important thing in the world. These ideas come from the mood and theme that was portrayed from both interpretations looked at. Despite the many differences in performance style and dramatic elements, both interpretations still portrayed the same message. Going back to the original story and inspiration, Shakespeare was someone who was against conflicts and the wars going on. He was a romantic who wanted to make people happy. He was a writer who wrote every play for a purpose. This story the way it was written gives great lessons and messages for anyone in any time period. That is why the message still lives on. Through different interpretations throughout different time periods, the message of the different passions of pain, conflict and love still stay strong. Overall, Shakespeare's message still lives on and it continues to grown through new & different interpretations. <br><br>
There are so many more interpretations that could not have been looked at but should be looked at in future research. To compare movie or other Shakespeare play interpretations would be a great research direction. Besides Romeo & Juliet, other timeless plays like Hamlet or Macbeth could also be used. <br>
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There are so many more interpretations that could be looked at for future research. For example, the Taming of the Shrew, Hamlet or Macbeth could be used to find other messages Shakespeare wanted to convey in those stories. To compare a movie or other Shakespeare play interpretations would also be a great research direction. <br><br>
Overall the Shakespeare message still lives on and continues to grown through new and different interpretations.
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=References=
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<references/>
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<br><br>
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=External Links=
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[http://shakespeare.mit.edu/romeo_juliet/ Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet]
 
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=Image Gallery=
 
=Image Gallery=
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
File:download.jpeg|thumb|Romeo and Juliet on the balcony (1886) by Julius Kronberg <ref name = "brt"/>
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File:download.jpeg|Romeo and Juliet on the balcony<br><small> '''Artist''' Julius Kronberg <br> '''Year''' 1886 <br>'''Attributed to''' Julius Kronberg [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons <br>'''Link''' https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AJulius_Kronberg_-_Romeo_och_Julia_p%C3%A5_balkongen.jpg
File:DickseeRomeoandJuliet.jpg|thumb|Romeo and Juliet balcony scene (1884) by Frank Dicksee
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File:DickseeRomeoandJuliet.jpg|Romeo and Juliet balcony scene<br><small> '''Artist''' Frank Dicksee <br> '''Year''' 1884 <br>  '''Attributed to''' Frank Dicksee [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons <br> '''Link''' https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ADickseeRomeoandJuliet.jpg
File:Francesco_Hayez_053.jpg|thumb|''Romeo and Juliet by Francesco Hayez, (1823)''
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File:Francesco_Hayez_053.jpg|Romeo and Juliet <br><small> '''Artist'''  Francesco Hayez <br> '''Year''' 1823<br>'''Attributed to''' Francesco Hayez [Public domain or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons <br> '''Link''' https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AFrancesco_Hayez_053.jpg
File:Press3act.jpg|thumb|''Press Illustration of 3rd Act (1867)''
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File:Press3act.jpg|thumb|Press Illustration of 3rd Act <br><small> '''Year''' 1867 <br> '''Atributed to ''' By Edouard Riou (1833–1900), set design Lithographer not identified (Bibliothèque nationale de France) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons <br> '''Link''' https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3APress_illustration_of_Act3_of_'Rom%C3%A9o_et_Juliette'_by_Gounod_1867_-_Gallica.jpg
File:Balconygrounds.jpg|x360px|right|thumb|''Balcony Scene from Gounod's Romeo & Juliet (1867)''
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File:Balconygrounds.jpg|x360px|right|thumb|Balcony Scene from Gounod's Romeo & Juliet <br><small> '''Year''' 1867 <br> '''Atributed to ''' See page for author [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons <br> '''Link''' https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ARom%C3%A9o_et_Juliette_(Gounod)_Act2_London_1867_(Patti%2C_Mario)_NGO4p32.jpg
File:picofromeoandjuliet.jpg|200px|thumb|''Romeo & Juliet Plays at The Garrick''
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File:picofromeoandjuliet.jpg|200px|thumb|Romeo & Juliet Plays at The Garrick <br><small> '''Desription''' Title picture from script book ''Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet'' (2016)<br> '''Year''' 2017
File:Romeo_and_Juliet_11.jpg|400px|thumb|Scene from a 1994 performance of Romeo and Juliet
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File:Romeo_and_Juliet_11.jpg|400px|Scene from a 1994 performance of Romeo and Juliet <br><small> '''Year''' 1994 <br> '''Atributed to ''' Dominum [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons <br> '''Link''' https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ARomeo_and_Juliet_11.jpg
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File:William Faversham-Maud Adams in Romeo and Juliet.jpg|William Faversham & Maud Adams in Romeo and Juliet, Empire Theatre, Broadway <br><small> '''Author''' Byron, New York <br> '''Year''' 1899 <br> '''Atributed to ''' By Byron, New York (eBay) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons <br> '''Link''' https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AWilliam_Faversham-Maud_Adams_in_Romeo_and_Juliet.jpg
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
If appropriate, add an image gallery
 
need to gather pictures by order of appearance and use MLA format reference.
 
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=References=
 
<references/>
 
<br><br>
 
 
=External Links=
 
[http://shakespeare.mit.edu/romeo_juliet/ Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet Entire Script]
 
 
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[[Category: Drama & Theater Projects]]
 
[[Category: Drama & Theater Projects]]
 
[[Category:2017]]
 
[[Category:2017]]
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[[File:image.jpg|''' Westminster Abbey''' <br> <small> ''' Style:''' Neo-Gothic <br> ''' Year:''' 1080'''</small> ]]
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Latest revision as of 12:18, 20 June 2017

How Shakespeare through the Centuries Still Lives On

by Mary Hatfalvi

How Shakespeare through the Centuries Still Lives On
Romeo and Juliet on the balcony (1886) by Julius Kronberg
Romeo and Juliet balcony scene (1884) by Frank Dicksee
by Mary Hatfalvi


Abstract


The goal for this project was to compare two performances of Shakespeare’s Romeo & Juliet that were performed in London in two different time periods. In addition to exploring scholarly literature on this subject, I used my knowledge in Theater Workshop class and from past performance creations to help me compare both performances.Through this research into the current and past performances, I founded the message of Shakespeare that still lives on today.

Introduction


The story of Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet has been told around the world for hundreds of years. It is a beautiful story about two lovers who are torn apart because of their families quarrel. Because this play is timeless in its message, there have been many different adaptations and storytelling techniques used for this play. The question that this project wanted to answer was that after all of the different adaptations made in the years, does Shakespeare's original theme and message still live on? I answered this question by diving into the story, its inspiration, and looked at two artistically different interpretations of the play to find the real theme & message that still lives on today.

I researched the performance details, style, costumes, mood, theme and overall message of the two different interpretations of Romeo & Juliet. I found, through my research, two London plays which appeared very different in style & technique, and used those interpretations to compare the overall message from the story of Romeo & Juliet. One interpretation of Romeo and Juliet that I found performed in 1867. The interpenetration was put on as an opera at the Covent Gardens, which is now know as the Royal Opera House. The other interpretation was a 1950's style adaptation performed at the Garrick Theatre in 2016. Despite the drastic difference in dramatic style and performance, I found that the original message that Shakespeare want to give through this play still lives on.

Section 1: Background



Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet Story & Inspiration


To find the original message of the play, Romeo & Juliet, I first looked at original's story plot. This helped to to find a basis for the themes that are given in the story.

Story


The plot of Romeo & Juliet circles around two star crossed lovers who are forbidden to be together by their families quarrel. The two families whose names are the Capulets, which is Juliet's family, and the Montagues, which is Romeo's family, have quarreled for years. Romeo & Juliet met at a masquerade ball, which was put on by the Capulets, and they feel in love at first sight. They eventually decided to secretly marry and planned on running away. Sadly though, Romeo ended up killing Tybalt, who is Juliet's cousin, and gets sent to exile. Juliet is then forced by her family to marry Paris. She decided to fake her death by drinking a potion so that she could escape the arranged marriage and run away with Romeo. Unfortunately, Romeo never received word that Juliet's death was fake. He found her 'dead' and poisons himself. When Juliet awoke and see's her Romeo dead, she ends her own life for real. In the end, both families do reconcile but sadly at the cost of Romeo and Juliet's lives.

Romeo and Juliet by Francesco Hayez, (1823)

Inspiration


The story of Romeo & Juliet is a tragic romance that was beautifully told by Shakespeare. However, what was the inspiration behind writing it? William Shakespeare wrote Romeo & Juliet around the 1590's. Researches to this day still cannot exactly pinpoint what inspired the play. While researching Shakespeare's possible inspirations, I found three main possibilities. One possibility was the time period, another are real lovers Shakespeare knew, and another one was a poem that written in Shakespeare's time.

In the time when England was growing in arts & culture, according to a Shakespearean study done on the historical context of Romeo & Juliet, England was suffering from religious persecution towards the Catholics.[1] When Henry VIII became the head of the English church, Catholics were threatened to either convert to his church or to die. When Mary I succeed her father after her brother Edward VI, she didn't persecute the Catholics because she was Catholic herself, like her mother, but instead persecuted Henry VIII's church followers. This was how she got her nickname "Bloody Mary". When Mary I died, Elizabeth I succeeded her. Elizabeth I started her own church and executed Catholics again just like her father. It is recorded in Shakespeare's history that Shakespeare's father was a Catholic. Now no real proof exists for William Shakespeare's religious views but, it is a thought that he did base Romeo & Juliet on this conflicting time period .[1] Think of the names, Romeo (Rome, where the Catholic church is based) and Juliet (Anglican English church of England).

Another possible inspiration that was researched was a true story about two real lovers that Shakespeare knew. According to the Luminarium Encyclopedia, Henry Wriothesley the 3rd Earl of Southampton was a close friend to Shakespeare and was also a courtier to Queen Elizabeth I. His mother was Mary Browne whose father was the 1st Viscount Montagu (doesn't this sound similar to Montagues).[2] Henry fell in love with a woman named Elizabeth Vernon, who was one of Queen Elizabeth I's ladies-in-waiting. Ladies-in-waiting were no allowed to marry and an alliance between Henry & Elizabeth was not favored by the queen, especially since both family had different religious views (Henry's family was Catholic and Elizabeth Vernon's family was Protestant). Henry, who was the ward of William Cecil, was already arranged a marriage by William, which Henry refused. When Cecil died in 1598, Henry and Elizabeth married. This did not make the queen happy and she threw them both in jail.[2] They were eventually released and their love story did end happily with a long life of love & children.

The poem, "The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet" written by Arthur Brooke in 1562, is considered as the most likely inspirational source for the story of Romeo & Juliet.[3] This poem's plot, based in Verona, is close to the same as Shakespeare's plot for Romeo & Juliet. Some things are different like for example, Juliet is wooed by Romeus for two weeks instead of just one night. The words that the characters speak are different in the poem then the play. The story does convey the important theme of a tragic romance.

Each of these inspirations share a similar theme & message for this story: love, tragedy, conflict, and war. This was the theme & message that has to be conveyed for the story of Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet to live on through the ages. To find out if this message is living through the ages, I went into review of two interpretations that are different and gave a summary of performance, dramatic elements used & the overall message conveyed through the researched plays. The first play I researched was an 1867 opera performed at the Covent Gardens. After a investigation in the 1867 opera, I then researched and investigated another interpretation that was performed at the Garrick Theatre in 2016.

Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet at the Covent Gardens (1867)


According to the annals of the Covent Gardens Theatre from 1732 to 1897, the opera "Romeo and Juliette" by Charles Gounod was performed at the Covent Garden on July 11 1867.[4] Adelina Patti played Juliet and Signor Mario played Romeo. The opera was newly composed by Charles Gounod with words by J.Barbier & M.Carré and received many fantastic reviews at the time. One praising review was published in the Watson's Art Journal in London at the time stating that "it is impossible to speak too highly of the manner at which Roméo e Giulietta is placed upon the stage at Covent Garden Theatre".[5] This opera was a new rendition of the story of Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet in 1867.

Performance Summary


The opera was composed in five acts and performed in french. Before the first act, a chorus sung the prologue. The first act then started at the Capulet's Place at a Masquerade ball. Romeo sneaked into the ball with his friends, then met Juliet and then fell for her at first sight. The second act was the balcony scene when Romeo woes Juliet. The Third Act started in the friar's cell where Romeo & Juliet secretly marry. The act continued with Romeo's page who went to the Capulets house and fought with one of their servants in combat. The combat grows by the addition of Romeo, Tybalt and others. Eventually, Romeo kills Tybalt. The act ended when Romeo is then banished by the Duke. Act four was in Juliet's bedroom where Romeo visits her for the night then left before her father and the friar came to tell her that she will marry Paris. The friar, after Juliet's father leaves, the gave Juliet a potion to take so that she could fake her death. She consumed the potion. The fifth and final act is in the Capulets tomb, where Juliet is buried. Romeo entered and after believing Juliet was dead, consumed poison thus ending his life. Before the poison killed Romeo, Juliet awoke and found her Romeo dying from the poison. They spoke heartfelt words and, while Romeo dies, Juliet stabbed herself with his dagger. Thus ending the opera with them both dead.[6]

Press Illustration of 3rd Act (1867)

Dramatic Elements


The opera opened in the the late 1800's in Paris, France. The words are sung in french and the style & costumes of the opera is the Shakespearean time period. The set probably looked liked late 16th century Verona, Italy. Gounod did the same approach with Romeo & Juliet as he did with another one of his famous operas called Faust. He toned down the supporting characters in the play. Except for the Friar and Mercutio, the supporting characters are portrayed only as supporting characters to the main characters. Juliet's nurse, for example, was according to a review, portrayed as someone who could have almost been non-existent.[5] This, according to a review on the performance, was Gounod's way of emphasizing the main characters of the opera.[5] Romeo & Juliet are either one of them or both of them in every scene of the opera with entire scenes to themselves mutable times.

The music set the theme for the opera in every act. The first act started in a triumphant Forte with went to an Andante when the chorus started singing. This is the ball scene so then the music went back to a happy upbeat sound. The second act is performed soft and Dolce. Two scenes are in the third act. The first part started with the sound of Dolce music for Romeo & Juliet which then grew to a triumphant Forte with trumpets ending the scene. The second scene was more tense and sped up growing louder with the chorus. This scene was the fighting scene. The forth act had a beautiful parting sound when Romeo & Juliet were together for the first time since their marriage, before romeo leaves for banishment. Then the scene changed to Juliet with her father and the Friar. The music for that scene sounded like the feelings of Juliet: desperation and hopelessness. The Friar, with a deep bass voice however, gave hope to Juliet with his idea of faking her death. The fifth act started with sad and slow trumpets when Romeo finds his Juliet 'dead'. The scene was very dramatic and showed the passion that both Romeo & Juliet have for each other. The opera ended with sad triumphant horns emphasizing the end of the classic love story. [6]



Balcony Scene from Gounod's Romeo & Juliet (1867)

Overall Review


An opera is a style of theater performance that can create a more dramatic and heartfelt storytelling experience. By drawing out all of the words in song, the viewer is more captivated & emotional about the story & its characters. Gounod, by making Romeo & Juliet an opera, created a way of telling the story where the audience could become more emotional to the pain & loss of love. He also showed this theme by ending the scene, not when the Montagues and Capulets reunite, but when both Romeo & Juliet died. The message that Gounod wanted to send through this opera is the passion of the love, loss, tragedy and the sadness of war & conflict.










Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet at the Garrick Theatre (2016)


For the 2016 season at the Garrick Theatre in London, an interpretation of Romeo and Juliet was performed with directors Kenneth Branagh and Rob Ashford. Rob Ashford was also the choreographer in this production. This interpretation got mixed reviews. The Guardian newspaper's theatre critic Micheal Billington said that "The whole thing is done with a speed and vigour that ensures we are never bored;...".[7] Another review from The Independent newspaper's Arts and Features writer Holly Williams, said that "The pair power through with appropriately teenage high drama, but the show never plumbs the full depths of tragedy."[8] Despite mixed reviews, this interpretation of Romeo & Juliet was unique in its style and approach to the classic tale.



Romeo & Juliet Plays at The Garrick

Performance Summary


Richard Madden and Lily James played the star roles. The performance follows the same script of the original Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet but with some of the original lines cut and some added humor. For example, one added part for Juliet is that in Act 1 Scene 5 she sings a song at the party where Romeo sees her for the first time. The play though keeps to the same Shakespearean words & sayings. The characters are kept the same as in the original play however, Mercutio is not a young man but a sarcastic and nicely dressed older guy. This creates an different way of looking at the character Mercutio, who is the loyal friend of Romeo. He is a person who speaks from experience and Romeo look to him for advice.

Dramatic Elements


The set and time period the play was Verona, Italy in the 1950's. The men wear dark suits and the women wear petticoats.[7] The main scenic design looks like a roman building with white marble columns and steps. The whole play keeps this main set and uses props & lighting to change the scenes. The background music throughout the play is modern. Different kinds of passion can be shown throughout this interpenetration. The passion of love, war, conflict, fear and pain. There is a theme of darkness and light that is shown through the stage, lighting & characters, especially in the Romeo & Juliet death scene. The white light emphasizing Juliet's white gown is contrasted with Romeo's dark black suit. The supporting characters are given more notice and development. For example, the Nurse, according to actress Meera Syal in an interview, is portrayed as a comic caricature but is shown to be human and have great feelings towards Juliet who she considers as a daughter. [9] Meera Syal portrays the Nurse in Garrick Theatre's Romeo & Juliet 2016 performance. The mood throughout the play changes from serious, to energetic, to passionate.

Overall Review


The message that this performance gives is that the story of Romeo & Juliet is timeless. Throughout the set, music, costumes and speech, the play doesn't stick with just one time period. This play also gives the themes of different types of passion within love, war, conflict, fear and pain. For example, Romeo speaks with two different types of passionate love for Rosaline and for Juilet. He says about Rosaline in Act 1, Scene 1 with a boyish love:

""...O, she is rich in beauty, only poor"
"That, when she dies, with beauty dies her store."" [9]

Then he says about Juliet in Act 1, Scene 5 in a starstruck passionate love:

"...Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight,
For I ne'er saw true beauty till this night." [9]

Section 2: Deliverable


Comparing both interpretations helped with finding the message of Shakespeare that still lives on today. The most obvious comparison to start with are the differences in performance & dramatic elements. The differences in these adaptations expand from how the characters are portrayed to how the sets were designed differently. After finding the differences, then the similarities where the message of Shakespeare lives on can be found.

The Differences


Performance

Balcony Scene from Gounod's Romeo & Juliet (1867)


Both of the performance executions for each interpretation are very different. That alone could be explained by the fact that they were done in different time periods and in different places. However, in the 1867 interpretation the performance was written entirely as an french opera. All of the words are sung and even though most of the original Shakespearean writing is kept, a lot of lines for the performance were newly written just for this interpretation. For example, in the original script of Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet, Juliet speaks these beautiful words on the balcony from Act 2, Scene 2:
"Ah me!

O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?

Deny thy father and refuse thy name;
Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,
And I'll no longer be a Capulet.

'Tis but thy name that is my enemy;
Thou art thyself, though not a Montague.
What's Montague? it is nor hand, nor foot,
Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part
Belonging to a man. O, be some other name!
What's in a name? that which we call a rose
By any other name would smell as sweet;
So Romeo would, were he not Romeo call'd,
Retain that dear perfection which he owes
Without that title. Romeo, doff thy name,
And for that name which is no part of thee
Take all myself."[10].

However, in the same scene in the opera interpretation, Juliet sings in french (Act 1, Scene 2):
"Ah me! - And still I love him!
Romeo, why art thou Romeo?
Doff then thy name, for't is no part,
My loof thee! What rose we call
By other name would smell as sweetly:
Thou'rt no foe, 'tis thy name!" [6]

For comparison, the 2016 adaptation doesn't have a big change from the original lines in Shakespeare's script. For example, in the same part (Act 2 Scene 2), Juliet's lines in the 2016 adaptation are:
""Ay me!"

"O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name.
Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,
And I'll no longer be a Capulet.

'Tis but thy name that is my enemy.
Thou art thyself, though not a Montague.
What's Montague? It is nor hand, nor foot,
Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part
Belonging to a man. O, be some other name!
What's in a name? That which we call a rose
By any other name would smell as sweet;
So Romeo would, were he not Romeo called,
Retain that dear perfection which he owes
Without that title. Romeo, doff thy name,
And for that name, which is no part of thee,
Take all myself."[9].


As shown, the big change in these lines are only the punctuation. Another point of difference that was found when comparing the opera and the 1950's style adaptations are the roles of the supporting characters. The opera. in 1867. had only 10 supporting characters besides Romeo & Juliet. The chorus and background non speaking cast were not counted. The supporting characters in this adaptaion, which the exception of the Friar Lawrence and Mercutio, are not given great emphasis on their growth in character throughout the story unlike the main characters, Romeo & Juliet. In the 2016 version, there were 18 supporting characters with speaking roles including the main two characters. These characters were also given the opportunity in the play to have human characteristics and to grow in virtue or in hate depending on the character. More emphasis in supporting characters was given in the 2016 interpretation then the 1867 interpretation.

After looking at the different performance techniques for each adaptation, I then looked at the different dramatic techniques used.

Dramatic Elements

Scene from a 1994 performance of Romeo and Juliet


The two interpretations both use very different dramatic elements. To start, the style for each was different. The 1867 interpretation is an opera in 16th century Verona. The music & singing was a vital role in character communication & the story plot. Music was the main component in delivering the mood, theme and style. In the 2016 interpretation, music was used to set the mood but regular speaking was main form of communication. Elaborating & empathizing the spoken words created the mood, theme and style of the performance.

The costuming styles are not the same for each of these adaptations. The men and women in the 2016 interpretation were in 1950's style wear. Whereas, in the 1867 opera all of the characters were in Shakespearean style clothing. Romeo & Juliet, in the 2016 adaptaion, wore contrasting cloths of black and white. The scenery place for each were both in Italy however, the 2016 set design looked more like a roman marble palace which helped in setting the contrast of darkness & light that the creator and directors wanted to portray. The 1867 opera set design was Verona, Italy in the 16th century with a fancy dance parlor, balcony and tomb. The mood lighting was also different in both interpretations. For the 2016 play, lighting gave the contrast of darkness vs light as shown in Romeo & Juliet's clothing. Whereas, in the 1867 opera, lighting & costumes are chosen just to tell the story not to give contrast or symbolism.

The Similarities


Overall, what has been said have been the differences in the adaptations. What was found was that many different dramatic elements & styles were used to tell the same story. What is interesting though is that despite the obvious differences, both interpretations do give the same message through their performances of fear, love, anger, loss, and death. To prove the point, I looked at the similarities in the performance style and dramatic elements.

Performance


Despite the time period, clothing & performance differences, the interpretations have many similar performance styles and qualities that were used. Besides being performed in London, both plays have a similarity that their scripts still kept most of the original Shakespearean wording and the overall message. Going back to the example, stated before in the Differences section, when Juliet speaks from the balcony. In the original balcony scene from Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet (Act 2, Scene 2), Juliet spoke these words:
"Ah me!

O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?

William Faversham & Maud Adams in Romeo and Juliet, Empire Theatre, Broadway (1899)


Deny thy father and refuse thy name;
Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,
And I'll no longer be a Capulet.

'Tis but thy name that is my enemy;
Thou art thyself, though not a Montague.
What's Montague? it is nor hand, nor foot,
Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part
Belonging to a man. O, be some other name!
What's in a name? that which we call a rose
By any other name would smell as sweet;
So Romeo would, were he not Romeo call'd,
Retain that dear perfection which he owes
Without that title. Romeo, doff thy name,
And for that name which is no part of thee
Take all myself."[10].

Now what the message that Juliet was trying to get across? She was calling out in search for Romeo. She then asked him to turn his back on his kin (prejudice and spite for her family). Juliet then said that hers and Romeo's names, which means their family names, are their enemies. She then told herself that names are just names. Names should not keep them apart since a "rose by any other name would smell as sweet?"

The opera gave the same message stated above. What changes is the wording and delivery. In Act 1 Scene 2, Juliet conveyed the message in french:

"Ah me!-And still I love him!
Romeo, why art thou Romeo?
Doff then thy name, for't is no part,
My loof thee! What rose we call
By other name would smell as sweetly:
Thou'rt no foe, 'tis thy name!" [6]

What was the translation in this speech? Juliet still called out for her Romeo and said that she loves him. Juliet then asked Romeo to turn back on his name (family prejudice and spite) for names are just one part. Would a rose with any other name smell as sweetly? She ended with stating that Romeo the person was not the enemy, the name Romeo Montague was. This wording still conveyed the message that Shakespeare originally wrote for Juliet in this scene. In the 2016 adaptation, as shown in the Differences section of this page, the original Shakespeare script and wording was kept as it is in this scene. Punctuation is the only difference.

Another similarity that was found was that the supporting characters in both plays. Despite the difference in importance between the adaptions, the supporting characters, still kept the same character roles & personalities. For example, Mercutio was still portrayed as the friend and companion to Romeo. The interpretations gave importance to his character growth and development, since he is a major plot changer. The two interpretations didn't change the way the characters interacted with Romeo & Juliet either.

Performance similarity is important to the message that Shakespeare wanted to convey when he wrote Romeo & Juliet, however as important as performance is, dramatic elements need to be looked at also.

Dramatic Elements


The 2016 and 1867 interpretations were both set in Verona, Italy. Both adaptations had the main plot settings that are needed for the story line: a balcony, grave, Juliet's bedroom and dance floor. Both versions had music that helped with portraying the mood & style of the performance. For both performances, the costumes for Romeo and Juliet were different but also, similar in the way that they showed personalities of Romeo & Juliet. For example, Juliet's dresses in both plays are kept light and innocent. Whereas Romeo's costumes are kept masculine and strong. In the 2016 adaptaion, Juliet's light costume contracts Romeo's dark one.

The big similarity that was found in these performances was the mood and theme. The mood found in both interpretations was the different passions of love, war, conflict, fear and pain. Despite interpreting the play differently, both plays come to this same theme portrayal. In the opera, the words and music brought this mood & theme to life. This was also true in the 2016 interpretation. This theme for the play comes out as the highlight and takeaway for both interpretations. Looking back to the original inspirations of Romeo & Juliet, the same theme is found: the different passions of loss, war, love, and pain. This is then the message that Shakespeare wanted to portray when writing Romeo & Juliet.

Conclusion


What is the message from the story of Romeo & Juliet? That love conjurers all despite human folly, that human conflict & wars are wrong in their conquest for justice, or that love is the most important thing in the world. These ideas come from the mood and theme that was portrayed from both interpretations looked at. Despite the many differences in performance style and dramatic elements, both interpretations still portrayed the same message. Going back to the original story and inspiration, Shakespeare was someone who was against conflicts and the wars going on. He was a romantic who wanted to make people happy. He was a writer who wrote every play for a purpose. This story the way it was written gives great lessons and messages for anyone in any time period. That is why the message still lives on. Through different interpretations throughout different time periods, the message of the different passions of pain, conflict and love still stay strong. Overall, Shakespeare's message still lives on and it continues to grown through new & different interpretations.

There are so many more interpretations that could be looked at for future research. For example, the Taming of the Shrew, Hamlet or Macbeth could be used to find other messages Shakespeare wanted to convey in those stories. To compare a movie or other Shakespeare play interpretations would also be a great research direction.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Maker, D. (2009, December 05). Romeo and Juliet Historical Context - Romeo and Juliet as a warning to Elizabeth . Retrieved May 12, 2017, from https://shakespearestudy.wordpress.com/plays/romeo-and-juliet-historical-context/
  2. 2.0 2.1 Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton (1573-1624). (2009, August 17). Retrieved May 26, 2017, from http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/wriothesley3.htm
  3. Brooke, Arthur. BROOKE'S 'ROMEUS AND JULIET' BEING THE ORIGINAL OF SHAKESPEARE'S 'ROMEO AND JULIET' NEWLY EDITED BY J. J. MUNRO. Ed. J.J. Munro. New York: Duffield and Company; London: Chatto & Windus, 1908.
  4. Wyndham, Henry Saxe. (1906). The annals of Covent Garden Theatre from 1732 to 1897. London : Chatto & Windus
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Gounod's Romeo and Juliet. (1867). Watson's Art Journal, 7(16), 244-246. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.wpi.edu/stable/20647340
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Barbier, J., Carré, M., Gounod, C., Shakespeare, W., Sapio, R., Pollack, O., & Moody-Manners Opera Company. (1912). Romeo & Juliet: Opera in five acts. Hull: White & Farrell.
  7. 7.0 7.1 Billington, M. (2016, May 26). Romeo and Juliet review – Branagh gives tragedy a touch of la dolce vita. Retrieved May 12, 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2016/may/26/romeo-and-juliet-review-branagh-lily-james-richard-madden-garrick-theatre
  8. Williams, H. (2016, May 25). Romeo and Juliet, The Garrick Theatre, London: Teenage high drama, but Kenneth Branagh's show never plumbs the full depths of tragedy. Retrieved May 12, 2017, from http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/reviews/romeo-and-juliet-the-garrick-theatre-london-teenage-high-drama-but-kenneth-branagh-s-show-never-a7049321.html
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Shakespeare, W., Branagh, K., & Oram, C. (2016). Romeo and Juliet. London: Nick Hern Books.
  10. 10.0 10.1 Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. MIT. Web. Retrieved May 15, 2017



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