Actions

Photography & The Linked Ring

From Londonhua WIKI

Revision as of 10:47, 17 June 2017 by Jhdupuis (talk | contribs)

Photography as Art and Science in London

by Jacob Dupuis

Photography
Milestone Image
The Linked Ring logo, 1893

Abstract

The paragraph should give a three to five sentence abstract about your entire London HUA experience including 1) a summary of the aims of your project, 2) your prior experience with humanities and arts courses and disciplines, and 3) your major takeaways from the experience. This can and should be very similar to the paragraph you use to summarize this milestone on your Profile Page. It should contain your main Objective, so be sure to clearly state a one-sentence statement that summarizes your main objective for this milestone such as "a comparison of the text of Medieval English choral music to that of the Baroque" or it may be a question such as "to what extent did religion influence Christopher Wren's sense of design?"

Introduction


I suggest you save this section for last. Describe the essence of this project. Cover what the project is and who cares in the first two sentences. Then cover what others have done like it, how your project is different. Discuss the extent to which your strategy for completing this project was new to you, or an extension of previous HUA experiences.

As you continue to think about your project milestones, reread the "Goals" narrative on defining project milestones from the HU2900 syllabus. Remember: the idea is to have equip your milestone with a really solid background and then some sort of "thing that you do". You'll need to add in some narrative to describe why you did the "thing that you did", which you'd probably want to do anyway. You can make it easy for your advisors to give you a high grade by ensuring that your project milestone work reflects careful, considerate, and comprehensive thought and effort in terms of your background review, and insightful, cumulative, and methodical approaches toward the creative components of your project milestone deliverables.

Section 1: Background


Photography at the End of the 19th Century



Royal Photographic Society



The Linked Ring

At the start of the 1890s, several photographers grew unhappy with the way that the Royal Photographic Society and its members were looking down upon those who wanted to try new techniques and capture photographs that different from the traditional portraits and landscapes that were being produced. George Davison, Henry Robinson and Henry Van der Weyde decided to then form a club that would support photographers who wanted to experiment with new techniques and promote the fine art aspects of photography as well. This movement became widespread in Europe and the U.S., with groups such as the Vienna Camera Club, Photo-Club de Paris and Photo-Session following en suite. The group grew to 114 Links (as the members were known) and would eventually open invitations to American photographers.[1] In order to receive an invitation, Photographers must have a deep understanding of every aspect of the art form, from the chemical development processes to optical and mechanical skills. Alfred Stieglitz, an American Link, would go on to say “a photograph is not artistic if it is technically perfect, but pictorially rotten.” (quote) This quote reflects that the Links not only strived for the technical knowledge, but for a creative angle of their works as well. [2]

Members

Members of the Linked Ring would go on to develop new photography techniques such as efficient daguerreotype, platinum and palladium toning, artificial lighting in images, carbon-printing, image manipulation, depth of field and low light images.[3] While it was known as a brotherhood, the group would have 4 woman photographers as active members and one holding a leadership role for sometime. All of its members contributed siginfically to photography history. Primarily members were from England, but membership opened up to Americans eventually.[4] The Brotherhood would then vote on disbanding the organization as it felt that too much American influence was occurring. This would lead to the fame and rise of Alfred Stieglitz and the Photo-Secession movement, as he continued to pursue it. [5]

Photographic Salon

The Photographic Salon was created as a way to showcase the works of the Links for the mass public in London to enjoy. The theme of every photography Salon was just three words: difference of opinion. This further echoed the motivation behind the group entirely.[6] Occurring several times a year, the members of the Linked Ring would vote on prints or plates to be displayed in the collection. The Photographic Salon was also one of the first recorded displays of photographs spaced out at eye level, as opposed to filling an entire wall with images.[7] Below are images that were displayed in the 1896 Salon. [8]

Pictorial Photography



Photo-Secession

Around the early years of the Linked Ring, a companion (and later member) of the group named Alfred Stieglitz based in New York City who shared similar ideas. Stieglitz would go on to form the Photo-Secession group after being scorned for his choices for a gallery display for the National Arts Club. The movement became a step away from traditional art methods and styles and opened the door in American photography for Avant-garde works that were starting to become popular in Europe at the time.[9]

Alfred Stieglitz

The founder of Photo-Secession and one of the first Americans in the Linked Ring, Alfred Stieglitz was an important figure in the history of modern photography. Stieglitz conceptualized the idea of photography being an art form, and helped to bring the concepts of modern art to the creatives in America.[10] Several series of notable works from his career include Equivalents, Low Light Experiments and his images of the human body. For each of these, he always used the latest technologies available, and developed his own methods of applying them. In the case of Equivalents, Stieglitz focuses on the new development of panchromatic emulation which allowed for the camera to capture all visible wavelengths of light in the monochrome image. [11] Equivalents focuses on clouds, with no other references as to location as the camera is always pointed directly at the sky. Equivalents has been widely considered as the first recognized series of of abstract photography, with the intention of viewers to interpret it how they please. The images that Stieglitz created of human bodies are his largest and most valued collection today. They almost exclusively feature his wife, artist Georgia O’Keefe, and focus on movement and details as opposed to traditional portrait compositions. Stieglitz would take these on platinum and palladium plates, and inevitably experimental silver plates that would provide sharper contrast in the colors.[12] The Victoria and Albert Museum features a large collection of these images in partnership with the Georgia O’Keefe Foundation.

Camera Notes

Stieglitz had been publishing works and journals on ideas, and concerns about the state of the photography on behalf of the Camera Club of New York from 1897 until the turn of the century. When the club was originally formed, Stieglitz declined the role of president, as he felt he had more power and influence while being in charge of the club’s magazine.[13] The periodical was entitled Camera Notes, and often faced criticism as Stieglitz frequently called on photographers to embrace new concepts and styles such as pictorial photography. Stieglitz felt that the Linked Ring was missing out on a chance to spread its concepts, and having control over Camera Notes allowed him to spread the ideas behind Photo-Secession in a way that Linked Ring never was able to. When he formed the Photo-Secession, he resigned from Camera Notes, but due to his name recognition was able to start Camera Work, which became a huge success, selling equal to Camera Notes previously had. This platform allowed the Photo-Secession to become widespread before even opening a physical gallery, which they would not do until 3 years later.[14]

Alfred Stieglitz Gallery & Statements



Results

Pictorialism was a core principle of the group and its movement, as Stieglitz and other photographers wanted to be able to showcase their private experiments and manipulations of traditional techniques, because they felt their results were truly spectacular and new. In both Photo-Secession and the works of the Linked Ring, new styles and technical advancements came to be. Image manipulation, cropping and color adjusting started to become widely used in order to provide new looks at previously seen subjects.[15] Technical procedures such as film developing, tintypes and coloring were not the only things to change however. Content of photography shifted away from traditional portraits and landscapes to include geometric, abstract designs and everyday life. The beginnings of low light photography, and use of lighting to alter a scene also came about during the rise of pictorialism. Pictorialism provided photographers the same unique control and personality in their images as painters previously had.[16]

Showcasing Photography as a Science


Additional Image




London Street Photography

For my deliverable I decided to create 4-5 images that reflect photography elements that members of the Linked Ring used or created here in London.

Images

  • Image 1

  • Image 2

  • Image 3



Conclusion


In this section, provide a summary or recap of your work, as well as potential areas of further inquiry (for yourself, future students, or other researchers).

References

Add a references section; consult the Help page for details about inserting citations in this page.



  1. ↑ Harker, M. (1979) “The Linked Ring: The Secession Movement in Photography in Britain.” London: Heinemann. Pp. 17.
  2. ↑ Taylor, J. (1984) “The Salon de Refuses of 1908.” 8/4 London: History of Photography. Pp 277.
  3. ↑ Hannavy, J. (2008) “Encyclopedia of 19th Century Photography.” New York: Routledge. Pp 221.
  4. ↑ Harker, M. (1979) “The Linked Ring: The Secession Movement in Photography in Britain.” London: Heinemann. Pp. 11.
  5. ↑ Harker, M. (1979) “The Linked Ring: The Secession Movement in Photography in Britain.” London: Heinemann. Pp. 18.
  6. ↑ Mortimer, F.J (1919) “Photograms of the Year.” London: Iliffe and Sons. pp 44.
  7. ↑ Hannavy, J. (2008) “Encyclopedia of 19th Century Photography.” New York: Routledge. Pp 221.
  8. ↑ The Linked Ring (1896) “Pictorial Photographs” London: Kegan Paul, Trench Trubner and Co. (The London Salon of Photography 2017)
  9. ↑ Stieglitz, A., Ross, C. (1942). "The Origin of the Photo-Secession and How It Became 291". New York: Stieglitz., pp. 8-9.
  10. ↑ (2017). "Alfred Stieglitz - Victoria and Albert Museum. (2017). Vam.ac.uk.
  11. ↑ Stieglitz, A. (1926). "Equivalent Collection." New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art Database."
  12. ↑ Rabinowitz, P. (2015). "KAHLO AND O’KEEFFE: PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST AS FASHION ICON." JSTOR., Extravagances: Habits of Being 4 (pp. 166-194). University of Minnesota Press.
  13. ↑ Bunnell, P. (1979). "The Print Collector's Letter, 10(4)." JSTOR. pp.133
  14. ↑ Bunnell, P. (1979). "The Print Collector's Letter, 10(4)." JSTOR. pp.134
  15. ↑ Nickel, D. (1992). "Autochromes by Clarence H. White." Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University, 51(2), pp. 31-37
  16. ↑ Bunnell, P. (1992). "Pictorial Photography." Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University, 51(2), pp. 11
Retrieved from "https://londonhuawiki.wpi.edu/index.php?title=Photography_%26_The_Linked_Ring&oldid=15296"